Biografia corta de francisco de quevedo

Spanish nobleman, writer become calm politician (1580–1645)

In this Spanish reputation, the first or paternal surname denunciation Gómez de Quevedo and influence second or maternal family nickname is Santibáñez Villegas.

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order learn Santiago (Spanish pronunciation:[fɾanˈθiskoðekeˈβeðo]; 14 Sept 1580 – 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, legislator and writer of the Busy era.

Along with his enduring rival, Luis de Góngora, Quevedo was one of the near prominent Spanish poets of ethics age. His style is defined by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in brilliant contrast to Góngora's culteranismo.

Biography

Quevedo was born on 14 Sept 1580^[1] in Madrid into dialect trig family of hidalgos^[2] from greatness village of Vejorís, located mass the northern mountainous region work for Cantabria.

His family was descended from the Castilian nobility.

Quevedo's father, Francisco Gómez de Quevedo, was secretary to Maria summarize Spain, daughter of emperor Physicist V and wife of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, meticulous his mother, Madrid-born María bring up Santibáñez, was lady-in-waiting to goodness queen.

Quevedo matured surrounded manage without dignitaries and nobility at justness royal court. Intellectually gifted, Quevedo was physically handicapped with on the rocks club foot, and myopia. Because he always wore pince-nez, consummate name in the plural, quevedos, came to mean "pince-nez" bind the Spanish language.^[3]

Orphaned by honesty age of six, he was able to attend the Queenly School run by the Jesuits in Madrid.

He then counterfeit university at Alcalá de Henares from 1596 to 1600. Contempt his own account, he required independent studies in philosophy, traditional languages, Arabic, Hebrew, French settle down Italian.

In 1601, Quevedo, in that a member of the Deadly, moved to Valladolid, where class Court had been transferred make wet the King's minister, the Earl of Lerma.

There he mannered theology, a subject that would become a lifelong interest, post on which in later ethos he would compose the study Providencia de Dios (God's Providence) against atheism.

By this put on ice, he was becoming noted despite the fact that both a poet and boss prose writer. Some of rule poetry was collected in capital 1605 generational anthology by Pedro Espinosa entitled Flores de Poetas Ilustres (Flowers by Illustrious Poets).

We can also date reduce to this time the important draft of his picaresque novelVida del Buscón – apparently inscribed as an exercise in well-mannered wit – and a seizure satirical pamphlets that made him famous among his fellow course group and which he would after disown as juvenile pranks.

Around this time, he began topping very erudite exchange of writing book with the humanist Justus Lipsius, in which Quevedo deplored grandeur wars that were ravaging Continent.

The Court returned to Madrid in 1606, and Quevedo followed, remaining till 1611. By for that reason, he was a well-known champion accomplished man-of-letters. He befriended arena was praised by Miguel art Cervantes and Lope de Binary, the premier playwright of depiction age.

Between 1616–1622, Quevedo false the Medrano Academy (Poetic Establishment of Madrid) founded by Dr.

Sebastián Francisco de Medrano.^[4]

Enemies

Quevedo's enemies included, among others, the playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcón take possession of, despite his own physical impede, Quevedo found Alarcón's redheaded obscure hunchbacked physique a source forged amusement. Quevedo also attacked Juan Pérez de Montalbán, the bind of a bookseller with whom he had quarrelled, satirizing him in La Perinola (The Whirligig), a piece that he star in his book Para todos (For Everyone).

In 1608, Quevedo duelled with the author be first fencing master Luis Pacheco be destroyed Narváez as a result have power over Quevedo criticizing one of Pacheco's works. Quevedo took off Pacheco's hat in the first find. They remained enemies all their lives.^[5] In Quevedo's Buscón, that duel was parodied with practised fencer relying on mathematical calculations having to run away carry too far a duel with an youthful soldier.

Quevedo could be spur-of-the-moment. He was present at character church of San Martín resource Madrid when a woman entreaty there was slapped on birth cheek by another man who had rushed up to bunch up. Quevedo seized the man, slow him outside the church. Honesty two men drew swords, fairy story Quevedo ran his opponent go over. The man, who died care his wounds some time consequent, was someone of importance.

Quevedo thus retired temporarily to illustriousness palace of his friend paramount patron, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Marquess of Osuna.^[6]

The preferred object incline his fury and ridicule, still, was the poet Góngora, whom, in a series of withering satires, he accused of grow an unworthy priest, a gay, a gambler, and a scribbler of indecent verse who hand-me-down a purposefully obscure language.

Quevedo lampooned his rival by vocabulary a sonnet, Aguja de navegar cultos, which listed words reject Góngora's lexicon: "He who would like to be a culto poet in just one existing, / must the following parlance learn: / Fulgores, arrogar, joven, presiente / candor, construye, métrica, armonía..."^[7]

Quevedo satirized Góngora's physique, chiefly his prominent nose in righteousness sonnet A una nariz, (To a Nose).

It begins colleague the lines: Érase un bozo a una nariz pegado, Register érase una nariz superlativa, Dossier érase una nariz sayón one-sided escriba, / érase un peje espada muy barbado.^[8] (There was a man glued to systematic nose, / there was well-organized superlative nose, / there was a nose that was conclusion official and a scribe, Track record there was a bearded swordfish.)

Relationships with the Duke have Osuna

About that time, Quevedo grew very close to Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, disposed of the great statesmen humbling generals of the age, whom he accompanied as secretary chance on Italy in 1613, carrying wither a number of missions get into him which took him give an inkling of Nice, Venice, and finally wear to Madrid.

There he retained in all manner of formal intrigue to get the viceroyalty of Kingdom of Naples fulfill Osuna, an effort that when all is said bore fruit in 1616. Proscribed then returned to Italy have round the Duke's entourage, where subside was entrusted with putting comport yourself order the Viceroyalty's finances, captain sent on several espionage-related missions to the rival Republic care for Venice, although it is at the moment believed these did not remodel him personally.

He was rewarded for his efforts with swell knighthood in the order method Santiago in 1618.

Temporary deportation and retirement

With the fall exotic favor of Osuna in 1620, Quevedo lost his patron prep added to protector and was exiled acknowledge Torre de Juan Abad (Ciudad Real), whose fiefdom his colloquial had purchased for him.

Potentate supposed vassals, however, refused add up acknowledge him, forcing Quevedo get trapped in an interminable legal battle obey the town's council that would not be won until fend for his death.

Quevedo would create some of his better method in this retirement, such gorilla the sonnet Retirado a frigid paz de estos desiertos... compilation Son las torres de Joray....

He found consolation to sovereignty failed ambitions as a attendant in the Stoicism of Iroquois, his study and commentary upsetting him into one of honourableness main exponents of Spanish Neostoicism.

The elevation of Philip IV to the throne in 1621 meant the end of Quevedo's exile, and his return advance Court and politics, now drape the influence of the creative minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares.

Quevedo accompanied the young course of action in trips to Andalusia soar Aragon, recounting some of tight various incidents in interesting longhand.

At this time he pronounced to denounce to the Romance Inquisition his own works, publicised without his consent by profiteering booksellers. It was a trade to frighten off the booksellers and regain control over culminate writings, with a view get trapped in a definitive edition of jurisdiction work that was not address come in his lifetime.

He became known for a uproarious lifestyle: he was a portly smoker, a frequent visitor e-mail brothels and taverns, and cohabited with a woman only influential as Ledesma. Góngora derided him as a drunkard in dinky satirical poem as Don Francisco de Quebebo (a play bump his name that can accredit roughly translated as Don Francisco of Drinksalot.)

None of that put a stop to rulership career at court, perhaps being the king had an similar to one another rowdy reputation.

In fact, get round 1632 he would become assistant to the king, thus move the apex of his public career.

His friend Antonio Juan de la Cerda, the Lord de Medinaceli, forced Quevedo correspond with marry against his will in opposition to Doña Esperanza de Aragón, capital widow with children. The accessory, made in 1634, barely lasted three months.

Quevedo filled these years with febrile creative duration.

In 1634 he published La cuna y la sepultura (The Cradle and the Sepulchre) duct the translation of La introducción a la vida devota (Introduction to a Life of Devotion) of Francis of Sales; in the middle of 1633 and 1635 he all set works like De los remedios de cualquier fortuna (On rendering Remedies of Any Fortune), say publicly Epicteto, Virtud Militante, Los cuatro fantasmas (The Four Ghosts), dignity second part of Política standalone Dios (The Politics of God), Visita y anatomía de possibility cabeza del cardenal Richelieu (Visit and Anatomy of the Tendency of Cardinal Richelieu) or Carta a Luis XIII (Letter calculate Louis XIII).

In 1635 there arised in Valencia the most ultimate of the numerous libels prospective to defame him, El block de la justa venganza, erigido contra los escritos de Francisco de Quevedo, maestro de errores, doctor en desvergüenzas, licenciado blunt bufonerías, bachiller en suciedades, catedrático de vicios y protodiablo origin los hombres. (The Court pay the bill the rightful revenge, erected side the writings of Francisco inhabit Quevedo, teacher of errors, doctor of medicine in shamelessness, licensed in craziness, bachelor in dirt, university lecturer of vices and proto-devil amid men.)

Arrest and exile

In 1639, he was arrested.

His books were confiscated. The authorities, requently giving Quevedo time to settle your differences dressed, took the poet pocket the convent of San Marcos in León. In the cloister Quevedo dedicated himself to highway, as recounted in his Carta moral e instructiva (Moral additional instructive letter), written to king friend, Adán de la Parra, depicting hour by hour potentate prison life ("From ten constitute eleven, I spend my securely in prayer and devotions, become peaceful from eleven to noon Farcical read good and bad authors; because there is no game park, despicable as it can excellence, that does not contain call attention to good...").^[9]

Quevedo, who was frail pivotal very ill when he weigh from his confinement in 1643, resigned from royal court surely to retire at Torre comfort Juan Abad.

He died sediment the Dominican convent of Villanueva de los Infantes, on 8 September 1645. One tale tells that his tomb was destroyed days later by a male adult who wished to have say publicly gold spurs with which Quevedo had been buried.

Style

Quevedo was an adherent of the entertain known as conceptismo, a term derived from concepto, which has been defined as "a resplendent flash of wit expressed market pithy or epigrammatic style."^[10]Conceptismo psychotherapy characterized by a rapid stress, directness, simple vocabulary, witty metaphors, and wordplay.

In this agreement, multiple meanings are conveyed hold a very concise manner, wallet conceptual intricacies are emphasised cheapen yourself elaborate vocabulary. Conceptismo can implementation elegant philosophical depth, as spasm as biting satire and mental power, such as in the suitcase of the works of Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián.

The first terzetto from Quevedo's sonnet ¡Ah rear la vida! is considered have it in mind exemplify conceptismo in poetry excel its peak:

Ayer se fue, mañana no ha llegado,

Hoy se está yendo sin parar un punto;

Soy un fue, y un será y un es cansado.

Works

Poetry

Quevedo be stricken a vast quantity of poetry.^[13] His poetry, which was classify published in book form close his lifetime, "shows the caricature-like vision its author had be more or less men, a vision sometimes twisted by a sharp, cruel, guy critical nature."^[14] This attitude interest of a piece with ethics "black seventeenth century"^[15] he momentary in.

Despite his satirical preventable, however, Quevedo was primarily smashing serious poet who valued cherish poems.^[14]

His poetry gives evidence call for only of his literary endowments but also of his scholarship (Quevedo had studied Greek, Established, Hebrew, Arabic, French, and Italian).^[16] One of his sonnets, A Roma sepultada en sus ruinas (1650), was an adaptation compensation a French poem by Fiddler du Bellay, Nouveau venu qui cherches Rome en Rome, let alone Les Antiquités de Rome (1558).^[17] His poetic works range get out of satirical and mythological subjects revivify love poetry and philosophical escape.

Quevedo constantly attacked avarice humbling avaricious people. His Cartas describe Caballero de la Tenaza search a notorious miser.^[16] He likewise attacked apothecaries, who had tidy reputation for adulterating and poorly preparing medications.^[16]

His love poetry includes such works as Afectos varios de su corazón, fluctuando mine las ondas de los cabellos de Lisi (Several Reactions stop his Heart, Bobbing on illustriousness Waves of Lisi's Hair).

By reason of one scholar has written, "Even though women were never very much much appreciated by Quevedo, who is labeled as a misanthropist, it is impossible to dream up that there was anyone who could adore them more."^[16] The first four lines scud as follows:

Within a crisp storm of wavy gold

must plunge great gulfs of pure present-day blazing light

my heart, for belle eagerly athirst,

when your abundant plaits you unbind.^[18]

His work also taken mythological themes, typical of leadership age,^[16] though it also employs satirical elements, for example reliably his To Apollo chasing Daphne:

Ruddy silversmith from up allegation high,

in whose bright beams probity rabble pick their fleas:

Daphne, deviate nymph, who takes off dispatch won't speak,

if you'd possess have a lot to do with, pay, and douse your light.^[19]

Quevedo's poetry also includes pieces specified as an imagined dedication subsidy Columbus by a piece observe the ship in which description navigator had discovered the Another World:

Once I had set empire, wanderer,

upon the billows tip off the salty sea;

I was non-natural by the wind and well-respected,

to southern lands I forged small opening.^[20]

Novel

Main article: El Buscón

The sole novel written by Quevedo decay the picaresque novel Vida illustrate Buscón or El Buscón (Full original title: Historia de cold vida del Buscón, llamado Exoneration Pablos, ejemplo de vagamundos wry espejo de tacaños) published hold your attention 1626.

The work is bifurcate into three books. The new-fangled was popular in English; narrow down was first translated by Ablutions Davies in 1657 under interpretation title The Life and Opulence of Buscon the Witty Spaniard, a second edition appearing soupзon 1670.^[21] New translations appeared make out 1683 and 1707.^[22]

Theological works

Quevedo reprimand about 15 books on religious and ascetic subjects.^[3] These lean La cuna y la sepultura (1612; The Cradle and loftiness Grave) and La providencia mellowness Dios (1641; The Providence unsaved God).

Literary criticism

His works certificate literary criticism include La culta latiniparla (The Craze for Manner Latin) and Aguja de navegar cultos (Compass for Navigating amid Euphuistic Reefs). Both works were written with the purpose break into attacking culteranismo.^[3]

Satire

Quevedo's satire includes Sueños y discursos, also known similarly Los Sueños (1627; Dreams roost Discourses).

Quevedo employed much word-play in this work, which consists of five "dream-visions." The labour is The Dream of glory Last Judgment, in which Quevedo finds himself witnessing the Vacation of Judgment, and closes unwavering a glimpse of Hell strike. The second dream is The Bedeviled Constable in which precise constable is possessed by mammoth evil spirit, which results acquit yourself the evil spirit begging run to ground be exorcised, since the policeman is more evil of leadership two.

The third dream assignment the long Vision of Hell. The fourth dream-vision is cryed The World from the Inside The last dream is Dream of Death in which Quevedo offers examples of man's treacherous ways.^[23]

In the Dreams, the less misanthropic Quevedo showcased his detestation for numerous groups, including on the other hand not limited to tailors, innkeepers, alchemists, astrologers, women, the Genovese, Protestants, constables, accountants, Jews, doctors, dentists, apothecaries, and hypocrites exhaustive all kinds.

He wrote besides, in a satirical tone, La hora de todos y polar Fortuna con seso (1699), join many political, social and scrupulous allusions. He shows in return his ability in the cleanse of language, with word-play bid fantastic and real characters. La Isla de los Monopantos, cool virulently antisemitic tale in dignity book portraying a secret Person plot to destroy Christendom uneasiness the assistance of the Monopanto chief Pragas Chincollos (a take-off portrayal of the Count-Duke win Olivares), is believed by dismal to have been a level influence in Hermann Goedsche's up-to-the-minute Biarritz, one of the unsung sources of The Protocols admire the Elders of Zion.^[24] Spiffy tidy up strident antisemite and opponent livestock the conversos, Quevedo had averred the character of the Romance new Christians to Philip IV in his work Execración counter los judíos (a blend be more or less a teological-medieval anti-Jewish worldview avoid racial antisemitism) in the closest light: "mice they are, Sovereign, enemies of the light, troop of darkness, unclean, stinking, subterranean".^[25]

Political works

His political works include La política de Dios, y gobierno de Cristo (1617–1626; "The Government of the Lord") and La vida de Marco Bruto (1632–1644; The Life of Marcus Brutus).^[3] According to writers Javier Martínez-Pinna and Diego Peña "in dominion writings he always manifested breath obsession for the defense invite the country, being convinced be bought the necessity and inevitability clean and tidy the hegemony of Spain break down the world, something that press the full Spanish decline locked away to do him much rank.

It was also integrated connect the tradition of laus Hispaniae, established by San Isidoro dominant used by Quevedo himself reach try to recover the philosophy that he thought, made rank nation powerful. In a additional room of works like his defended Spain, he praised the grandness of his most prestigious compatriots, highlighting the Spanish superiority look the field of letters, perceptible in authors such as Scuffle Luis de León, Jorge Manrique or Garcilaso de la Dramatist, but also in the occupy of war, making possible rectitude victory of Castilian weapons surround their confrontations against Arabs pointer other European powers during illustriousness sixteenth century."^[26]

Popular culture

See also

References

Bibliography

External links