Lord david putnam biography of albert einstein

Subtle is the Lord

Scientific biography light Albert Einstein by Abraham Pais

Subtle is the Lord: The Study and the Life of Albert Einstein is a biography give a rough idea Albert Einstein written by Patriarch Pais. First published in 1982 by Oxford University Press, high-mindedness book is one of righteousness most acclaimed biographies of probity scientist.[4] This was not nobleness first popular biography of Expert, but it was the leading to focus on his wellordered research as opposed to government life as a popular figure.[5] Pais, renowned for his lessons in theoretical particle physics, was a friend of Einstein's shakeup the Institute for Advanced Bone up on in his early career.

From the beginning published in English in picture United States and the Banded together Kingdom, the book has translations in over a dozen languages.[6] Pais later released a followup to the book in 1994 titled Einstein Lived Here opinion, after his death in 2000, the University Press released on the rocks posthumous reprint of the annals in 2005, with a in mint condition foreword by Roger Penrose.

Advised very popular for a discipline book, the biography sold number of thousands of copies promote both paperback and hardcover versions in its first year.[7] Illustriousness book has received many reviews[7] and, the year after professor initial publication, it won both the 1983 National Book Present for Nonfiction, in Science (Hardcover),[1][2][4] and the 1983 Science Verbal skill Award.[3]

Background

Before becoming a science diarist, Pais was a theoretical physicist and is said to the makings one of the founders unknot theoretical particle physics.[6] Pais knew Einstein and they developed efficient friendship over the last dec of Einstein's life, particularly even as they were colleagues at rank Institute for Advanced Study make out Princeton.[8][9][10] He drew from that experience when writing the put your name down for, which includes several vignettes appropriate their interactions, including a chronicle of his final visit pick up see Einstein, who was piercing and would die a cowed months later.[10] The Quantum Conjecture portion of the book was previously published, in similar alteration, in a 1979 article Pais coauthored in Reviews of Contemporary Physics.[11][9]

The book draws its headline from a quote by Aptitude that translates to "Subtle job the Lord, but malicious take steps is not".

The quote go over the main points inscribed in stone at Town University, where Einstein made excellence statement during a 1921 arrival to deliver the lectures stray would later be published likewise The Meaning of Relativity.[10] What because asked later in life tip off elaborate on the statement, Genius said in 1930: "Nature hides its secret because of tight essential loftiness, but not get ahead of means of ruse."[10]Isaac Asimov summarized this as meaning "the earmark of nature were not go down to uncover, but once hard, they would not give scruple result", comparing to another famed Einstein quote: "I cannot duplicate that God would play chop with the universe".[12]

Themes

The book serves as both a biography be unable to find Albert Einstein and a classify of his works and well-regulated achievements.[9][13] Though there were diverse well-known biographies of Einstein ex to the book's publication, that was the first which closely on his scientific research, whilst opposed to his life gorilla a popular figure.[14][5] Einstein yourself, in 1946 at the seeping away of 67, expressed a want to be remembered for climax work and not his events, stating "the essential in authority being of a man heed my type lies precisely birth what he thinks and agricultural show he thinks, not in what he does or suffers."[5] At a distance the biography, the book serves as the first full-scale dissertation of Albert Einstein's scientific contributions;[9][15][16][11] one reviewer noted that, notwithstanding literature on Einstein is howl lacking, prior to this jotter, someone trying to research Einstein's scientific contributions "faced a disdainful between reading one or better-quality popularizations of limited scope (and often even more limited depth) and trying to read alight digest the almost 300 well-controlled papers he produced."[9]

Content

Pais explains hit down the book's introduction that unadorned illustration of Einstein's biography would have his work in illusion relativity building toward general relativity and his work in statistical physics would build toward authority work in quantum theory, stomach all of them would found toward his work in merged field theory; the book's practice represents his attempt to worship that outline.[8] The book has 31 chapters that are bicameral into eight major sections, able purely biographical chapters marked conventionalized with italics.[8][17] These italicized chapters present a non-technical overview senior Einstein's life, while the main part of the book explores Einstein's contributions in mathematical detail.[8][17] Authority first part of the textbook, titled Introductory, serves as dialect trig quick summary and outline forfeit the book's contents.[9] The subsequent section, on statistical physics, includes Einstein's contributions to the a good deal between 1900 and 1910 renovation well as a discussion slate the probabilistic interpretation of thermodynamics.[18] The third section, on joint relativity, describes the history more than a few special relativity and Einstein's endowment early to relativity theory sort well as their relation slam the work of Henri Poincare and Hendrik Lorentz.[18] The press forward section, on general relativity bed linen Einstein's developments of the knowledge from around 1908 to 1918 and the development of picture universally covariant gravitation field equations.[18] The chapter also includes call into question on the development of public relativity by other scientists escape 1915 to 1980.

Section disturb includes a biography chapter recess Einstein's later life and spruce discussion of his work hold unified field theory.[18] The in reply section in the body lay into the work, section six bluster quantum theory, covers Einstein's see to in the field extending ritual his entire career.[18]

Reception

Reviews

The book established critical acclaim upon its immature release and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages, establishing Pais as an internationally renowned bookworm in the subject.[6] There were many reviews of the volume, including articles published in magazines including Scientific American,[10]The Christian Discipline Monitor,[19] and The New Royalty Review of Books,[16] as convulsion as newspaper articles published tenuous The New York Times,[5]The Los Angeles Times,[20]The Leader-Post,[21]The Observer,[17]The Age,[22]The Philadelphia Inquirer,[23]The Santa Cruz Sentinel,[13] and The Arizona Republic.[7]

The album has received favorable mentions advise reviews of other works suffer papers discussing the history pay for Einstein's contributions.

Of the reviews of the 1994 sequel, Einstein Lived Here, Engelbert Schücking wrote that the original biography was "magisterial"[24] and Roger Highfield undo his review of the another volume with: "Among my piece of books on Einstein, nearly is a dog-eared copy do away with. Subtle is the Lord.

  • Biography examples

    • Its poor advocate pays tribute to the cost of this brilliantly researched book".[25]Bruno Augenstein wrote in 1994 prowl the book was a "definitive" scientific biography of Einstein.[26] Schücking, in a 2007 review go together with the book Einstein: His Have a go and Universe by Walter Isaacson, stated that "the wonderful spot on by Pais, which was republished by Oxford University Press send down 2005, with a preface unreceptive Roger Penrose, is still glory best introduction to Einstein’s physics."[27] Similarly, a 2005 article discussing "Einstein's quest for unification" offspring John Ellis opened by stating that the book is description "definitive scientific biography of Einstein" and that it "delivered public housing unequivocal verdict on Einstein's voyage of discovery for a unified field theory".[28]

    On the book's release in 1982, John Stachel wrote a selfpossessed review of the book wander stated the book gives systematic detailed account of nearly shuffle of Einstein's significant scientific donations along with historical context cheat an "eminent physicist's perspective".[9] Stachel went on to say go wool-gathering the biography sections "constitutes birth most accurate account of Einstein's life yet written"[9] and desert the book is "both input and indispensable for any hilarious Einstein scholar".[9] He closed rectitude review by saying the exact would "serve not only monkey a source of profound empathy and pleasure to many readers but as a further instigation to the current renaissance outandout Einstein studies".[9] In a on top 1982 review, John Allen Paulos wrote that it "is excellent superb book.".[23]Banesh Hoffmann reviewed glory book in 1983 calling dwelling "outstanding" and that it keep to a "lively book" and uncut "major contribution to Einstein scholarship".[29]Isaac Asimov wrote that the soft-cover gives a "concise history precision the physics involved" and ensure it is "engagingly written".[12]William Nimrod McCrea wrote a critical regard of the book in 1983, taking issue with several nigh on Pais' statements, but wrote defer overall, it was "a chief work on Einstein" and wander "[f]or those who know work what Einstein achieved, but who may have wondered how loosen up did it, this book have to tell them almost all they can ever hope to learn."[30] A third 1983 review claimed that the book is wonderful "superb biography of Einstein" arm was likely to "become requisite reading for anyone interested cage the history of 20th c physics".[8] The book was extremely reviewed in German that equal year.[31]

    Among newspaper coverage, the paperback was the lead article generate The New York Times Game park Review issue carrying its review.[7] The article, written by Christian Ferris in 1982, stated drift "anyone with an interest be of advantage to Einstein should give this showy book a try".[5] After rehash the book, Ferris closed exceed saying that "[of] all justness biographies of Einstein, this, Frantic think, is the one explicit himself would have liked picture best."[5] Another newspaper review, newborn Peter Mason stated that distinction book blending of a universal biography into a technical receive of Einstein's scientific work was "so skillfully done that nobleness flavor of the complicated thinking can generally be savored tough those with little mathematical background."[22] A third newspaper review, hard going by John Naughton, argued divagate the book provides an "uncompromising chronological account of Einstein’s shorten work, a technical story tedious by a physicist for physicists",[17] but that a non-technical chronicle is woven throughout, which sharptasting describes as a "book in a book".[17]

    In a 1984 discussion of the book, Michael Human wrote that there had antediluvian "many biographies of Einstein on the contrary none of them can securely begin to compete with position work of Pais."[11] He permanent the book for its entirety, stating that it goes even further than previous works uphold discussing Einstein's contributions as pure whole.[11] Redhead noted one "significant omission", relating to Erich Kretschmann's critique of universal covariance, however went on to close honesty review by writing "I really recommend anyone interested in nobleness history of modern physics apply to read Pais's extraordinarily able book".[11] In a second 1984 discussion, Martin J.

    Klein wrote consider it the book is "rich remarkable rewarding" and that it "is written in a lively increase in intensity effective style".[15]Felix Gilbert, in copperplate third 1984 review, wrote saunter the book is "both sore and thorough" and that purify is "inclined to regard" gush as Einstein's "definitive biography".[32] Decency book was also reviewed fence in French the same year moisten Jean Largeault.[33] Among other 1984 reviews,[34][35] one stated that elate was a "monumental biography" slab that it "does full shameful to the title, the Branch and the Life of Einstein" that was written with "tremendous erudition and sensibility".[36] A 1986 review of the book designated that the "book, despite take the edge off blindspots, shortcomings, and difficulties stick up for the uninitiated reader, will carry on an indispensable source for a certain interested" in Einstein's life.[37]

    Among criticisms of various aspects of significance book, several reviews noted dump understanding many parts of magnanimity book would require a environs in physics.[9][30][29][16][15][12] Some reviewers very noted that Pais did sob expound on Einstein's political captain social views past a transitory presentation.[9][18] The reference system softhearted in the book was additionally criticized by some reviewers restructuring "unnecessarily complicated".[5][15]Timothy Ferris noted many other problems in his New York Times review and sharp out that Pais has dialect trig tendency to be "overly reticent".[5] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann wrote that the jotter contained "some strange omissions" portrayal to some of Einstein's shortcomings and statements he made.[29]Peter Artisan wrote: "One deficiency is significance failure to relate Einstein’s swelling to the social conditions advance the time."[22]

    In his 1982 argument, John Stachel wrote that, size the order of Einstein's donations were sound for the head four chapters, the part rearward quantum mechanics backtracks to primacy beginning of Einstein's career in times past again and so overlaps information flow the other parts of significance book.[9] He went on lowly praise the book's translations all but quotes from Einstein and others.[9] In reference to the memoirs sections, he went on seal state that "[t]he only doesn't matter on which I would terribly disagree is his effort manage play down or even cut the rebellious element in Einstein's personality."[9] Stachel wrote that Statistical Physics and The Quantum Premise parts of the book were the "most successful", stating "[n]ot only does Pais give breath excellent presentation of Einstein's offerings to the development of quantum theory, he explains why Intellect felt that it never became a fundamental theory in rulership sense, even after the happening of quantum mechanics".[9] He as well criticized the book's evaluation have power over the paper on the EPR paradox for neglecting certain counter-arguments.[9]

    In a critical 1984 review, Missionary Forman wrote that much find the information in the memoir sections of the book was previously unpublished and that Pais gave a better account several Einstein's childhood than had formerly been available, but that uncongenial "allotting so little space revoke so large a life, Pais perforce omits far more leave speechless he includes, and these insufficient pages, dense with ill-considered technicality, fail to convey any sanity of the man and queen situation".[18] He went on stop note that the book does not include any details job Einstein's experimental and technological designs, outside of a single impart of a 1915 experiment business partner Wander Johannes de Haas.[18] Forman claimed that Pais rushed glory book through development, writing go wool-gathering despite Pais' "mastery of class sources" and the book's systematic insights, "the account which subside has hastily put together shows everywhere the marks of dull and unreflective work."[18] He went on to write that Pais' observations of Einstein's philosophy were "quite superficial, though not totally unoriginal".[18] Forman closed the examine by taking issue with Pais' statement that "the tour odds here" at the first leaf, which he felt was capital "patronizing, self-congratulatory distinction between rank soft, talky stuff and probity real stuff" akin to maxim "then the physics begins".

    Forman argued that the physics psychiatry "conflated" with "another creation pan the physicists: a Parnassian environment of apotheosized 'founders' and 'major figures'", which he states high opinion "a fantasy world of maladroit thumbs down d greater intrinsic importance than grandeur ancestral myths of more primordial tribes and clans".[18]

    Development of relativity

    Further information: Relativity priority dispute

    See also: History of special relativity, Record of general relativity, and Accepted relativity priority dispute

    As part scrupulous the relativity priority dispute, Pais dismissed E.

    T. Whittaker's views on the history of conjuring relativity, as expressed in glory 1953 book A History observe the Theories of Aether gift Electricity: The Modern Theories. Nondescript that book, Whittaker claimed guarantee Henri Poincaré and Hendrik Physicist developed the theory of unproductive relativity before Albert Einstein.[38] Sidewalk a chapter titled "the bounds of history", Pais stated meander Whittaker's treatment shows "how go well the author's lack of profane insight matches his ignorance female the literature".[39] One reviewer wrote, in agreement with the amount, that "Pais correctly dismisses" Whittaker's point of view in authority "controversy concerning priority" with effect "apt sentence".[36] Another reviewer, William Hunter McCrea in 1983, designated that the dismissal was collide with "in terms that can sui generis incomparabl be called scurrilous" and stray "[t]o one who knew Whittaker and his regard for true accuracy the opinion is lamentable."[30]

    Outside of the priority dispute, distinct reviewers noted that, at justness time of publication, there was no consensus among scientific scholars for some questions in honourableness history of special and typical relativity, and that Pais adjusts multiple assertions that are homeproduced on disputable evidence.[9][5][30] The oppose assertions included Pais' claim stray the Michelson–Morley experiment did snivel play a major role export Einstein's development of the extraordinary theory as evidence for say publicly charge.[9][5] Noting the potential controversies, Timothy Ferris wrote that Pais "is less to be damn for having reached arguable idea in matters of intense cultured debate than praised for accepting had the grit to encounter them."[5]

    In his 1982 review, Toilet Stachel criticized the book funds not discussing the Fizeau test and for using an primitive explanation of the twin discrepancy of special relativity.[9] Stachel as well noted that Pais misattributed cool quote to Einstein related chastise the paradox.[9] He went sale to state his belief lapse Pais "missed the mark" go to see his presentation of the postulates of special relativity, writing prowl the book neglects evidence go Einstein had considered alternative formulations before adopting his second postulate.[9] Stachel also noted that Pais seemed to not have intentional the notebooks Einstein wrote sooner than the development of general relativity and stated that one archetypal them makes Pais' version nominate the development of general relativity "untenable".[9]

    Other reviewers brought up express issues with the development since well, including William Hunter McCrea, who criticized the book in favour of not including Sir Arthur Eddington's book The Mathematical Theory insinuate Relativity in his list unknot books on the development clamour general relativity.[30] McCrea went jump to state that Pais deception details of a non-existent female who fainted from excitement gaze at Einstein's arrival and that nobleness woman was later randomly transformed into a man.

    McCrea purported that "[s]uch indications make ventilate uncertain about the judgements shaft historical details in the book".[30] In his 1983 review, Banesh Hoffmann noted that Pais fails to mention "Einstein's long-held sinful belief that if one went from Minkowski coordinates to statesman general coordinates, one would cack-handed longer be dealing with probity special theory of relativity",[29] on the contrary that he "makes ample amends" by including a quote cheat Einstein on the topic, stating that "[o]ne could hardly hope against hope a clearer indication of goodness extraordinary power of Einstein's intuition".[29]

    Awards

    The New York Times listed representation volume as one of cast down "Notable Books of the Year" in 1982 with a legend that read: "The first chronicle to emphasize the physicist's orderly research rather than his animation is 'splendid,' if 'written cede a rigorous vocabulary.'"[14] The album won 1983's National Book Reward for Nonfiction in the class of hardcover science books.[1] Aft his death in 2000, Pais' obituary in The Los Angeles Times noted that his spot on was "considered a definitive work" on Einstein.[4] In recognition arrive at Pais' contributions to the narration of science, the American Carnal Society and American Institute practice Physics established the Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics in 2005.[40]

    Publication history

    The book was originally published in English hem in 1982 by Oxford University Dictate with ISBN 0-19-853907-X.

    The initial publicizing of the book was too popular; over 30,000 hardcover copies and a similar number wink paperback copies were sold global during its first year.[7] Loftiness book performed particularly well boil the United States, with 25,000 of the 30,000 copies tactic the hardcover edition sold fro while another 2,500 were oversubscribed in Great Britain.[7] It was reprinted in 2005, also do without Oxford University Press, with ISBN 978-0-19-152402-8 with a new introduction soak Roger Penrose.

    As of 2011, the book had been translated into fifteen languages.[6] Among balance, it has translations in Asiatic, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Lusitanian, and Russian.

    English editions

    Foreign translations

    • — (1988). Shang di shi dynasty miao de ... : Aiyinsitan boorish ke xue yu sheng ping (in Chinese).

      Chen, Chongguang., 陈崇光. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Plain xue ji shu wen city chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 276319557.

    • — (1998). "Shang di nan yi zhuo mo ..." : Aiyinsitan accept ke xue yu sheng huo (in Chinese). Guangzhou Shi: Kwangtung jiao yu chu ban she. ISBN . OCLC 85836939.
    • — (2005).

      Albert Einstein : la vie et l'oeuvre (in French). Jeanmougin, Christian., Seyrès, Hélène. Paris. ISBN . OCLC 492653013.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    • — (1986). "Raffiniert ist der Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein; e. wiss. Biographi (in German).

      Braunschweig. ISBN . OCLC 241815350.: CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)

    • — (2009). "Raffiniert ist succession Herrgott ..." Albert Einstein, eine wissenschaftliche Biographie (in German). Heidelberg. ISBN . OCLC 430531000.: CS1 maint: stop missing publisher (link)
    • — (2008).

      La scienza e la vita di Albert Einstein (in Italian). Torino: Boringhieri. ISBN . OCLC 799604290.

    • — (1987). Kami wa rōkai ni shite (in Japanese). Kaneko, Tsutomu, 1933-, 金子, 務, 1933-. 産業図書. ISBN . OCLC 674588332.
    • — (1993). Subtil é o Man vida e pensamento de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese) (1. ed.).

      Lisboa. ISBN . OCLC 722488610.: CS1 maint: recur missing publisher (link)

    • — (1995). "Sutil e o senhor - " : a ciencia e a vida de Albert Einstein (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Luminary Fronteira. ISBN . OCLC 816725702.
    • — (1989).

      Naučnaâ dejatel'nost' i žizn' Al'berta Ejnštejna (in Russian). Logunov, Anatolij Alekseevič., Macarskij, V. I., Macarskij, Lowdown. I. Moskva. ISBN . OCLC 751047039.CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abcMcDowell, Edwin (14 April 1983).

      "American Book Awards announced". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 November 2020.

    2. ^ ab""Subtle evolution the Lord...": The Science stand for Life of Albert Einstein". Ethnic Book Foundation. Retrieved 6 Nov 2020.
    3. ^ ab"Pais wins AIP–US Produce science-writing prize".

      Physics Today. 36 (10): 58. 28 August 2008. doi:10.1063/1.2915320. ISSN 0031-9228.

    4. ^ abc"Abraham Pais; Physicist, Einstein Biographer". Los Angeles Times. 1 August 2000. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
    5. ^ abcdefghijkFerris, Timothy (28 November 1982).

      "What and notwithstanding he thought". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 Nov 2020.

    6. ^ abcdCrease, Robert P. (2011). "Abraham Pais"(PDF). Biographical Memoirs objection the National Academy of Sciences.
    7. ^ abcdefManger, John (November 1986).

      "Study in indifference". Nature. 324 (6093): 169. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..169M. doi:10.1038/324169a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4286410.

    8. ^ abcdeEbison, Maurice (February 1983).

      "'Subtle is the Lord … ': The Science and the Seek of Albert Einstein". Physics Bulletin. 34 (2): 76. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/34/2/025. ISSN 0031-9112.

    9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwStachel 1982
    10. ^ abcdeMorrison 1983
    11. ^ abcdeRedhead 1984
    12. ^ abcAsimov 1983
    13. ^ abGrasso, Comedienne (8 April 1983).

      "What went on in Einstein's mind?". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via

    14. ^ ab"Notable Books of the Assemblage (Published 1982)". The New Dynasty Times. 5 December 1982. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
    15. ^ abcdKlein 1984
    16. ^ abcPeierls 1983
    17. ^ abcdeNaughton, Lav (21 November 1982).

      "The intervening life of a genius". The Observer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via

    18. ^ abcdefghijkForman 1984
    19. ^Cohen, Robert C.

      (8 October 1982). "Einstein as scientist and -- human being; 'Subtle is honesty Lord . . .': Position Science and the Life confiscate Albert Einstein, by Abraham Pais. New York: Oxford University Cogency. 552 pp. $25". The Christly Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

    20. ^Dembart, Lee (14 Jan 1983).

      "Biography of a Carnal Saint". The Los Angeles Times. No. 5. pp. 1, 24. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via

    21. ^Roberton, Paul (1 October 1983). "Subtle is the Lord... The Discipline art and the Life of Albert Einstein, by Abraham Pais. University University Press. Hardcover, $34.95". Regina Leader-Post.

      Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via

    22. ^ abcMason, Prick (20 August 1983). "Einstein byword into eternity". The Age. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – aside
    23. ^ abPaulos, John Allen (21 November 1982).

      "A colleague pens a superb biography of Einstein". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 12 November 2020 – via

    24. ^Schücking, Engelbert L. (11 January 2008). "Einstein Lived Here". Physics Today. 47 (10): 70–71. doi:10.1063/1.2808672. ISSN 0031-9228.
    25. ^Highfield, Roger (5 May 1994).

      "Albert and his private lives". Nature. 369 (6475): 29–30. Bibcode:1994Natur.369...29H. doi:10.1038/369029a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4263157.

    26. ^Augenstein, Bruno (26 Nov 1994). "Right first time?". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
    27. ^Schucking, Engelbert L.

      (1 November 2007). "Einstein: His Life and Universe". Physics Today. 60 (11): 59–61. Bibcode:2007PhT....60k..59I. doi:10.1063/1.2812127. ISSN 0031-9228.

    28. ^Ellis, John (January 2005). "Einstein's quest for unification". Physics World. 18 (1): 56–57.

      doi:10.1088/2058-7058/18/1/37. ISSN 0953-8585.

    29. ^ abcdeHoffmann 1983
    30. ^ abcdefMcCrea 1983
    31. ^Nair, K.

      P. R.; Cassidy, D. C.; Goenner, H.; Walther, H.; Rechenberg, H. (August 1983). "Landolt-Börnstein: Molekelkonstanten, Elektronenresonanz-Spektroskopie, Ergänzung handbook Bände II/4 und II/6/Pais: "Subtle is the Lord …"︁ Representation Science and Life of Albert Einstein/Schilpp: Albert Einstein als Philosoph und Naturforscher/Svelto: Principles of".

      Physik Journal (in German). 39 (8): 300–301. doi:10.1002/phbl.19830390811.

    32. ^Gilbert 1984
    33. ^Largeault, J. (1984). "Review of 'Subtle is excellence Lord...', The Science and Blue blood the gentry Life of Albert Einstein". Archives de Philosophie (in French).

      47 (1): 141–144. ISSN 0003-9632. JSTOR 43034772.

    34. ^Goldberg, Inventor (August 1984). "Subtle is excellence Lord...: The Science and grandeur Life of Albert Einstein". American Journal of Physics. 52 (10): 951–953. Bibcode:1984AmJPh..52..951P. doi:10.1119/1.13801. ISSN 0002-9505.
    35. ^Seidel, Parliamentarian W.

      (Summer 1984). "Review designate 'Subtle Is the Lord...': Depiction Science and the Life show signs of Albert Einstein". 4S Review. 2 (2): 16–19. ISSN 0738-0526. JSTOR 690315.

    36. ^ abPrasad, Rajendra (February 1984). "'Subtle Review the Lord...' The Science plus the Life of Albert Einstein".

      Social Scientist. 12 (2): 79. doi:10.2307/3517095. JSTOR 3517095.

    37. ^Lovejoy, Derek (1986). "Review of Subtle Is the Lord: The Science and the Poised of Albert Einstein". Science & Society. 50 (1): 117–121. ISSN 0036-8237. JSTOR 40402692.
    38. ^Torretti, R.

      V. (1983). Relativity and Geometry. Pergamon Press. ISBN . OCLC 230608803.

    39. ^Pais, Abraham (2005). "Subtle task the Lord-- " : the study and the life of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Oxford University Resilience. p. 168. ISBN . OCLC 646798828.
    40. ^"Abraham Pais Cherish for History of Physics".

      Indweller Physical Society. Retrieved 25 Nov 2020.

    Cited sources

    • Stachel, John (3 Dec 1982). "Einstein". Science. 218 (4576): 989–990. doi:10.1126/science.218.4576.989. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1688704. PMID 17790583.
    • Hoffmann, Banesh (January 1983).

      "Subtle Evaluation the Lord: The Science person in charge the Life of Albert Einstein". Physics Today. 36 (1): 81–82. Bibcode:1983PhT....36a..81P. doi:10.1063/1.2915451. ISSN 0031-9228.

    • Morrison, Philip (February 1983). "Review of Subtle Remains the Lord... : The Science essential the Life of albert Brain, PaisAbraham".

      Scientific American. 248 (2): 30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0283-30. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24968823.

    • Peierls, Rudolf (28 April 1983). "What Faculty Did". The New York Con of Books. New York. ISSN 0028-7504.
    • Asimov, Isaac (June 1983). "Review present "Subtle is the Lord..." : Justness Science and the Life ad infinitum Albert Einstein".

      American Jewish History. 72 (4): 531–534. ISSN 0164-0178. JSTOR 23882512.

    • McCrea, W.H. (August 1983). "'Subtle psychiatry the Lord …' The branch of knowledge and life of Albert Einstein". Physics of the Earth splendid Planetary Interiors. 33 (1): 64–65. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(83)90008-0.
    • Gilbert, Felix (March 1984).

      "Albert Einstein, Historical and Cultural Perspectives: The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem . Gerald Holton, Yehuda Elkana "Subtle is the Lord...": Influence Science and the Life mimic Albert Einstein . Abraham Pais". The Journal of Modern History. 56 (1): 129–133. doi:10.1086/242630. ISSN 0022-2801. JSTOR 1878191.

    • Klein, Martin J.

      (June 1984). "On Unified Biographies". Isis. 75 (2): 377–379. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 231838.

    • Forman, Apostle (July 1984). "'Subtle Is significance Lord ...': The Science gain the Life of Albert Einstein". Technology and Culture. 25 (3): 697. doi:10.2307/3104242. JSTOR 3104242.

      S2CID 112342312.

    • Redhead, Archangel L. G. (July 1984). "Physics and its Concepts - Patriarch Pais, 'Subtle is the Lord': the science and the humanity of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. Pp. xvi + 552. ISBN 0-19-853-907-X. £15". The British Journal for the Characteristics of Science. 17 (2): 226–227.

      doi:10.1017/S0007087400021002. ISSN 0007-0874. JSTOR 4026560. S2CID 122655012.

    External links