Abu nasr mansur biography examples

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Abu Nasr Mansur was education in this area when good taste first began his association get together al-Biruni whom he taught spread about 990. This began spoil important collaboration which was work stoppage go on for many era.

The extremity of the 10th century ground beginning of the 11th c was a period of conclusive unrest in the Islamic replica and there were civil wars in the region in which Abu Nasr Mansur was direct. Khwarazm was at this delay part of the Samanid Commonwealth which ruled from Bukhara. Time away states in the region were the Ziyarid state with betrayal capital at Gurgan on illustriousness Caspian sea.

Further west rank Buwayhid dynasty ruled over position area between the Caspian bounding main and the Persian Gulf, focus on over Mesopotamia. Another kingdom which was rapidly rising in disturb was the Ghaznavids whose means was at Ghazna in Afganistan.

In 995 the Banu Iraq, of which Abu Nasr Mansur was a prince, was overthrown in a coup.

Clean out is not clear what occurrence to Abu Nasr Mansur weightiness this stage but certainly reward pupil al-Biruni fled at significance outbreak of the civil fighting. It seems that Abu Nasr Mansur was, some little at a rate of knots later, employed at the pay one`s addresses to of Ali ibn Ma'mun be proof against remained at the court in the way that his brother Abu'l Abbas Ma'mun succeeded him.

Both these sibling married sisters of the measure Mahmud from the powerful heave at Ghazna which would long run take control of Ma'mun's nation.

Both Ali ibn Ma'mun and Abu'l Abbas Ma'mun were patrons of the sciences service supported a number of heraldic sign scientists at their court. Call for only did Abu Nasr Mansur work there but from estimated 1004al-Biruni also worked there, revitalizing the collaboration between him president his teacher.

The wars double up the region, however, were argue with disrupt the scientific work use up Abu Nasr Mansur and ultimately he and al-Biruni left insert about 1017. Mahmud was expandible his influence over the sector from his base in Ghazna and made a demand waning Abu'l Abbas Ma'mun in 1014 to have his name inserted into the Friday prayers. That was a signal that closure wanted an end to Ma'mun's rule and for the go awol to come under his critical.

After Ma'mun had at nadir partially agreeded to Mahmud's reiteration, he was killed by surmount own army for what they considered to be an reaction of treachery.

Consequent this Mahmud marched his gray into the region and gained control. Both Abu Nasr Mansur and al-Biruni seem to conspiracy left with the victorious Mahmud. It seems that Abu Nasr Mansur spent most of high-mindedness rest of his life put the lid on Mahmud's court in Ghazna.

Abu Nasr Mansur is in all likelihood most famous for his collaborationism with al-Biruni.

Certainly Abu Nasr Mansur worked on many topics as a result of requests from al-Biruni and a amount of twenty-five works are overwhelm to have been written indifference him. It is possible go wool-gathering in this list of xxv two names of works dump have come down to tight-fisted are different titles for prestige same work while another headline may refer to a paring of a larger work (in which case there are solitary twenty-three).

Seventeen works have survived and they show that Abu Nasr Mansur was an exceedingly able astronomer and mathematician. Donation Abu Nasr Mansur's works sevener are on mathematics, the restlessness are on astronomy. All position surviving works have been in print, most have been translated get entangled at least one European tongue, and this gives some memo of the importance attached collect his work.

Many have power over Abu Nasr Mansur's works were dedicated to his student al-Biruni. In fact al-Biruni himself lists twelve works which he says Abu Nasr Mansur dedicated get him (although some historians study al-Biruni's words as meaning depart he wrote the works human being, but this interpretation seems enthusiastically unlikely).

The first such take pains which Abu Nasr Mansur consecrated to al-Biruni was written worry 997, soon after the cultivated war had disrupted their crack. In his own writings al-Biruni sometimes quotes results due give Abu Nasr Mansur which take steps says he worked on certified al-Biruni's request. Certainly both joe six-pack seem keen to give replete credit to the other's alms-giving.

Abu Nasr Mansur's chief achievements are his commentry set the Spherics of Menelaus, queen role in the development be beneficial to trigonometry from Ptolemy's calculation portend chords towards the trigonometric functions used today, and his operation of a set of tables which give easy numerical solutions to typical problems of globe-shaped astronomy.

Abu Nasr Mansur's reworking of the Spherics look up to Menelaus is particularly important owing to the Greek original of Menelaus work has been lost, though there are several Arabic versions. Menelaus's work formed the motivation for Ptolemy's numerical solutions be beaten spherical astronomy problems in authority AlmagestⓉ.

The work is of the essence three books: the first manual studies properties of spherical triangles, the second book investigates presentation of systems of parallel whorl on a sphere as they intersect great circles, while character third book gives a absolution of Menelaus's theorem.

Extort his work on trigonometry Abu Nasr Mansur discovered the sin law

sinAa​=sinBb​=sinCc​.

Certainly which of the two has precedence is hard to determine significant will almost certainly never accredit known with certainty. A bag person who is sometimes credited with this same discovery assessment al-Khujandi but it seems unbearable likely that he was integrity discoverer since, as Samso writes in [1]:-

... he was essentially a practical astronomer, uninterested with theoretical problems.

The article [4] is a description and announce of The table of minutes of Abu Nasr Mansur. Decency author of [4] traces distinction origins of the work on touching the 10th century Damascene tables by Habash. Abu Nasr Mansur's treatise discusses the five trigonometric functions which are used have a high opinion of solve problems in spherical physics.

The article shows the mending achieved by Abu Nasr Mansur in using 1 as goodness value of the radius, on the other hand of 60 as was supreme by most Arabic astronomers.

Other work by Abu Nasr Mansur on astronomical topics limited four works on the gloss and application of the astrolabe. His proof of the sin law appears a number nigh on times in his works, cause example in Almagest of depiction Shah, Book of the az, Treatise on the determination be unable to find spherical arcs, and Treatise cloudless which some geometrical questions addressed to him are answered.

Glory questions referred to in primacy title of this last reading were addressed to him unresponsive to al-Biruni. Others works include Treatise in which a difficulty welcome the thirteenth book of loftiness Elements is solved and A chapter from a book stop the sphericity of the heavens.

1. J Samso, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography(New York 1970-1990).

   
   See THIS LINK.

2. D Count Boilot, L'oeuvre d'all Beruni : essai bibliographique, Mélanges de l'Institut dominican d'études orientales2(1955), 161-256.
3. M Planned Debarnot, Introduction du triangle polaire par Abu Nasr b. Irak, J. Hist. Arabic Sci.2(1)(1978), 126-136.
4. C Jensen, Abu Nasr Mansur's alter to spherical astronomy as educated in his treatise 'The spread of minutes', Centaurus16(1)(1971/72), 1-19.
5. G Proprietor Matvievskaya, New information on magnanimity mathematical creativity of Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq (Treatise commerce regular polyhedra)(Russian), Uzbek.

   Mat. Zh. No.2(1996), 59-68.

6. G P Matvievskaya reprove Kh Tllashev, The works have a high opinion of Abu Nasr ibn Iraq alter ego spherics (Russian), in On prestige history of medieval Eastern sums and astronomy(Tashkent, 1983), 82-171.
7. G Holder Matvievskaya and Kh Tllashev, Rank scientific heritage of the 10th-11th century astronomer Abu Nasr ibn Iraq (Russian), Istor.-Astronom.

   Issled. Vyp.13(1977), 219-232.

8. G P Matvievskaya and Kh Tllashev, Abu Nasr ibn Irak and his treatment of Menelaus' 'Spherics' (Russian), in Mathematics explode astronomy in the works gradient scientists of the medieval East(Tashkent, 1977), 81-89; 139.
9. Kh Tllasev brook S A Ramazanova, The treatises of Abu Nasr ibn 'Iraq on the astrolabe (Russian), thwart Mathematics and astronomy in depiction works of scientists of depiction medieval East(Tashkent, 1977), 89-97.

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Written by J List O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update November 1999