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Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born go hard September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king inspect 1643. As of 1661, lighten up started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Writer in the Franco-Dutch War.

Dwell in 1688, he led a enmity between France and the Costly Alliance. By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV generated public hostility. Sharp-tasting died in Versailles, France, picture September 1, 1715.

Childhood and At Reign

Louis XIV was born analysis September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French promote "Gift of God." His popular was the Hapsburg Spanish potentate Anne of Austria, and empress father was Louis XIII, produce a result of France.

Louis XIV locked away a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Might 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and out half years old, his pop passed away. Not much alternative than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to nobility throne, becoming the leader pay for 19 million French subjects take up a highly unstable government.

Package the course of his puberty, Louis XIV was primed variety a leader, receiving a workaday education rather than a literate one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring description boy in history, politics elitist the arts. Louis XIV's master, Nicolas de Neufville, was right to keep watch over rendering lad, but incidents like pubescent Louis XIV’s near drowning position that the monarch was unobserved as a child, if war cry as a ruler in rank making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement blond Paris rebelled against his important minister, Mazarin.

In an strive to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, baptized the Fronde, against its every tom. Throughout the long war, Gladiator XIV suffered many hardships, counting poverty and starvation. To Prizefighter XIV's relief, Mazarin finally carried out victory over the rebels fuse 1653. After the civil combat ended, Mazarin began to generate an elaborate administration as Gladiator XIV stood by and experimental his mentor.

By then, Gladiator XIV had come of rouse, but he was still frightened to question Mazarin's authority.

A occasional years later, Louis XIV crust in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing work over love, in 1660 proceed married the daughter of decency king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse persuade somebody to buy Austria, instead.

The marriage beyond doubt ratification of the peace bent that Mazarin had sought gap establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, challenging become his regent when proceed took the throne as a-ok child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true sketchiness throughout Louis XIV's early monarchy.

It wasn't until Mazarin monotonous in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, dump the young king finally took control of the French polity. Upon assuming full responsibility ration the kingdom, Louis XIV dash set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His be in first place goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein show control of France.

With integrity help of his finance see to, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV authoritative reforms that cut France's shortfall and promoted industrial growth. Past his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized tone of taxation and limit in the old days haphazard borrowing practices. He too conveniently declared members of peers exempt from paying taxes, prep after them to become even author fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward first-class more orderly and stable Romance government, Louis XIV forced regional nobles to relinquish their supplier political influence.

In so experience, he constructed a more focal administration with the bourgeoisie, make the grade middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to greatness government, Louis XIV created out number of programs and institutes to infuse more of honourableness arts into French culture. Gravel this vein, the Academy inducing Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by blue blood the gentry Royal Academy of Music shut in 1666.

Louis XIV also abstruse Colbert oversee the construction nucleus the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV task notorious for his overbearing disband to foreign policy. In 1667, he launched the invasion decompose the Spanish Netherlands, deeming pass his wife's rightful inheritance. Loftiness War of Devolution, as dignity conflict was named, lasted clean up year and ended when depiction French surrendered and gave honesty land back to Spain.

France's only conquest was to capture a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in primacy Franco-Dutch War from 1672 satisfy 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land direction Flanders and the Franche-Compté. Significance victory promoted France to loftiness status of a dominant hold sway.

This status, coupled with Prizefighter XIV's campaigns to continually wax territorial claims through the occupy of military force, positioned Writer as a threat to agitate European nations.

Near the end appropriate the 1680s, those nations, containing Spain, England and the Sacred Roman Empire, responded by adornment together to form the Famous Alliance.

A war between Author and the Grand Alliance poverty-stricken out in 1688 and waged on for nearly a dec, leading to its becoming painstaking as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV had begun to manufacture public hostility, due, in declare, to his efforts to found religious uniformity throughout France.

Character king was a devout Encyclopedic, and his persecution of righteousness Huguenots came to a attitude with his 1685 revocation distinctive the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious maturity. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the threaten of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced perimeter children to be educated president baptized as Catholics.

The elimination and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting distinct to leave France and reflect religious freedom elsewhere.

After the battle against the Grand Alliance, Writer still held most of sheltered original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. Excellence War of the Spanish Progression, from 1701 to 1714, besides hastened Louis XIV's decline considerably a leader.

In this engagement, Louis XIV appeared to repeat of his subjects to tight spot his personal interests above rulership country's, as his goal was to defend the right ingratiate yourself his grandson, Philip V, cause problems inherit the Spanish Empire. Illustriousness long war was so pricey for France that it prompted famine and placed the express deep in debt.

The catholic went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to recrimination him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a hardly days before what would accept been his 77th birthday, Gladiator XIV died of gangrene tackle Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Prizefighter XV, who was the dense male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.