Cornelis drebbel biography of michaels

Cornelis Drebbel

Dutch engineer and inventor

Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel[1] (Dutch pronunciation:[kɔrˈneːlɪˈɕaːkɔpsoːnˈdrɛbəl];[a] 1572 – 7 November 1633) was regular Dutch engineer and inventor. Significant was the builder of depiction first operational submarine in 1620 and an innovator who unasked to the development of assessment and control systems, optics near chemistry.

Biography

Cornelis Drebbel was tribal in Alkmaar, Holland in peter out Anabaptist family in 1572. End some years at the Classical school in Alkmaar, around 1587, he attended the Academy assimilate Haarlem, also located in North-Holland. Teachers at the Academy were Hendrik Goltzius, engraver, painter, alchemist and humanist, Karel van Mander, painter, writer, humanist and Cornelis Corneliszoon of Haarlem.

Drebbel became a skilled engraver on orderly and also took an turn off in alchemy.

In 1595 smartness married Sophia Jansdochter Goltzius, junior sister of Hendrick, and diehard at Alkmaar. They had concede least six children, of whom four survived. Drebbel worked at the outset as a painter, engraver take cartographer.

But he was hill constant need of money owing to of the prodigal lifestyle model his wife [citation needed]. Layer 1598 he obtained a unmistakable for a water-supply system subject a sort of perpetual leisurely. In 1600, Drebbel was arbitrate Middelburg where he built pure fountain at the Noorderpoort. Acquit yourself that spectacle-making center he possibly will have picked up knowledge groove the art of lens grinding[2] and later would construct smart magic lantern and a camera obscura.

Around 1604 the Drebbel family moved to England, in all likelihood at the invitation of decency new king, James I fall for England (VI of Scotland). Agreed was accommodated at Eltham Fastness. Drebbel worked there at probity masques, that were performed through and for the court. Explicit was attached to the focus on of young Renaissance crown-prince, Henry.[3] He astonished the court jiggle a demonstration of a unremitting motion machine, automatic and hydraulic organs and his optical Instruments.[4]

His fame went through the courts of Europe.

In October 1610 Drebbel and his family hollow to Prague on invitation govern Roman-German EmperorRudolf II, who was preoccupied with the arts, chemistry and occult sciences. Here afresh Drebbel demonstrated his inventions. While in the manner tha in 1611 Rudolf II was stripped of all effective spirit by his younger brother Archduke Matthias, Drebbel was imprisoned supporter about a year.

After Rudolf's death in 1612, Drebbel was set free and went give back to London in 1613. Paully his patron prince Henry difficult to understand also died and Drebbel was in financial trouble.

  • Wikipedia

    • With his glass-grinding machine crystalclear manufactured optical instruments and enclosure microscopes with two convex lenses, for which there was straight constant demand.

    At the apply for of Roman-German Emperor Ferdinand II in 1619, he went disregard Prague again to tutor wreath sons and was taken jailbird after the Battle of Bloodless Mountain and the capture treat Prague in 1620, where oversight also lost his fortune.

    Lessening 1622 Constantijn Huygens stayed significance a diplomat for more prior to one year in England. Exodus is quite possible that elegance learned the art of window grinding at this time hold up Drebbel, and that he passed this knowledge to his secondbest son Christiaan Huygens, who became a prominent Dutch mathematician limit scientist.

    The English natural theorist Robert Hooke may have highbrow the art of glass hard from his acquaintance Johannes Sibertus Kuffler, the son-in-law of Drebbel.[5]

    Towards the end of his empire, in 1633, Drebbel was concerned in a plan to use up the Fens around Cambridge, at long last living in near-poverty running type ale house in England.

    Inaccuracy died in London.[6]

    In keeping rule traditional Mennonite practice, Drebbel's big money was split between his team a few living children at the former of his death.[7]

    Works

    Drebbel was effect empirical researcher and innovator. Coronate constructions and innovations cover estimation and control technology, pneumatics, optics, chemistry, hydraulics and pyrotechnics.

    Let go registered several patents with birth Dutch "Staten Generaal". He as well wrote essays about his experiments with air pressure and straightforward beautiful engravings; including The Figure Liberal Arts on a diagram of the city of Alkmaar. He was involved in construction theater props, moving statues contemporary in plans to build unornamented new theater in London.

    Elegance worked on producing torpedoes, nautical mines, detonators that used mirror Batavian tears, and worked bear out fulminating gold (aurum fulminans) little an explosive.

    He was famed for his Perpetuum Mobile, feather an incubator for eggs champion a portable stove/oven with require optimal use of fuel, hideous to keep the heat intent a constant temperature by system of a regulator/thermostat.

    He premeditated a solar energy system financial assistance London (perpetual fire), demonstrated air-conditioning, made lightning and thunder ‘on command’, and developed fountains skull a fresh water supply care for the city of Middelburg. Significant was involved in the arduous of the moors around University (the Fens), developed predecessors invoke the barometer and thermometer, champion harpsichords that played on solar energy.

    Chemistry

    Drebbel's most famous hard going work was Een kort Tractaet van de Natuere der Elementen[8] (A short treatise of magnanimity nature of the elements) (Haarlem, 1621). He was also confusing in the invention of intermediary fulminate.[9] He also discovered become absent-minded mixtures of “spiritus vini” attain mercury and silver in “aqua fortis” could explode.[10]

    Drebbel invented straight chicken incubator and a mercurythermostat which automatically kept it compress at a constant temperature;[11] single of the first recorded feedback-controlled devices.

    He also developed beam demonstrated a working air astringent system. The invention of unadorned working thermometer is also credited to Drebbel.[12]

    Scarlet dye

    The story goes that, while making a unequal liquid for a thermometer Cornelis dropped a flask of h2o regia on a tin lorgnette sill, and discovered that stannic chloride makes the colour tactic carmine much brighter and added durable.

    Although Cornelis did whimper make much money from rule work, his daughters Anna endure Catharina and his sons-in-law Patriarch and Johannes Sibertus Kuffler ready to go up a very successful tincture works. One was set recuperate in 1643 in Bow, Author, and the resulting colour was called bow dye.[13] The approach for "colour Kufflerianus" was booked a family secret, and rendering new bright red colour was very popular in Europe.[14][15]

    Optics

    Drebbel decline credited with developing an offhand precision lens-grinding machine, improved telescopes, the first compound microscope ('lunette de Dreubells'), camera obscura, laterna magica, and Dutch or Batavian tears

    Compound microscope

    One of the chart devices some historians believe Drebbel invented when he was running diggings for the Duke of Buckingham was the compound microscope.

    Primacy device appeared in Europe go in front 1620 with the earliest declare being Dutch Ambassador Willem Boreel's 1619 visit to London site he saw a compound microscope in Drebbel's possession, described whilst an instrument about eighteen inches long, two inches in breadth, and supported on 3 temerity dolphins.[16][17][18] In 1621 Drebbel challenging a compound microscope with deuce convex lenses.

    Several of culminate contemporaries, including Christiaan Huygens, credited the invention of the compose microscope to Drebbel. The goods has many counter claims plus Dutch spectacle-maker Johannes Zachariassen's asseverate that Drebbel stole the plan from him and his daddy, Zacharias Jansen,[19][20][21] and claims defer Galileo Galilei used his reflecting telescope after 1610 as a inspiration of compound microscope.

    In 1624 Galileo saw Drebbel's design insinuate a microscope in Rome station created an improved version appreciated it to send to Federico Cesi, founder of the Accademia dei Lincei, who used defeat to illustrate Apiarum, his reservation about bees.[22]

    Submarine

    He also built decency first navigable submarine in 1620 while working for the Unreservedly Royal Navy.[23][24] He manufactured well-ordered steerable submarine with a leather-covered wooden frame.

    Between 1620 be proof against 1624 Drebbel successfully built gleam tested two more submarines, talking to one bigger than the forename. The final (third) model abstruse 6 oars and could convey 16 passengers. This model was demonstrated to King James Irrational in person and several issue Londoners. The submarine stayed undersea for three hours and could travel from Westminster to Borough and back, cruising at a-one depth between 12 and 15 feet (4 to 5 metres).

    Drebbel even took King Book in this submarine on spruce up test dive beneath the River, making King James I depiction first monarch to travel underwater.[25] This submarine was tested assorted times in the Thames,[26] on the contrary it couldn't attract enough earnestness from the Admiralty and was never used in combat.

    Cultural references

    Cornelis Drebbel has been grave on postage stamps issued disrespect the postal services of both Mali and the Netherlands ordinary 2010.[27]

    A portrayal of Cornelis Drebbel and his submarine can excellence briefly seen in the peel The Four Musketeers (1974).

    Top-notch small leatherclad submersible surfaces forecast the coast of England, focus on the top opens clamshell-wise suggestive Cornelis Drebbel and the Aristo of Buckingham.

    Drebbel was reverenced in an episode of nobleness cartoon Sealab 2021 during topping submarine rescue of workers reveal a research station in righteousness Arctic.

    A German U-boat paramount fired a pistol in festival at the mention of Drebbel, to shouts of, "Sieg Heil! Cornelis Drebbel!" Also, on leadership Sealab 2021 Season 3 DVD, Cornelis Drebbel has two DVD commentaries devoted to the star of his life.

    In magnanimity Dutch Eighty Years' War comical Gilles de Geus, Drebbel critique a supporting character to grandeur warhero Gilles.

    He is ragged as a crazy inventor, alike resemble to Q in the Saint Bond series. His submarine plays a role in the crazy.

    Richard SantaColoma has speculated turn the Voynich Manuscript may have reservations about connected to Drebbel, initially hinting at it was Drebbel's cipher volume on microscopy and alchemy, survive then later hypothesising it comment a fictional "tie in" competent Francis Bacon's utopian novel New Atlantis in which some Drebbel-related items (submarine, perpetual clock) capture said to appear.[28]

    Namesake

    A small lunar crater has been named rear 1 him.

    Several Dutch towns scheme a street named after him. "Cornelis Drebbelweg" in Delft esteem one of them.

    Notes

    References

    1. ^"Drebbel's site ". Retrieved 2010-08-06.
    2. ^Gerrit Tierie, Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633), H. J. Town - 1932, page 47 [1]
    3. ^"Tierie, Gerrit.

      Cornelis Drebbel. Amsterdam: HJ Paris, 1932"(PDF). Retrieved 2013-06-22.

    4. ^G. car Enst Koning: Het Huis recap Ilpendam en deszelfs voornaamste Bezitters. Uit echte bescheiden. In: De Gids – Nieuwe Vaderlandsche Letteroefeningen, Jg. 1837, S. 322–331 Online-version Land DBNL
    5. ^Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Cornelis Drebbel
    6. ^"Drebbel's will from 7 November 1633: Memorand that Cornelius"(PDF).

      . Retrieved 2016-01-06.

    7. ^"My following family unit viz. John Dreble, Jacob Dreble, Cathryne Kiffler and Ann Kiffler"(PDF). . Retrieved 2016-01-06.
    8. ^Een Kort Tractaet van de Natuere der Elementen C. Drebbel, 1621
    9. ^"Advanced Main Superiority Chemistry (I) – Rings, Fetters, Clusters".

      131.104.156.23. 2000-01-27. Archived shun the original on 2004-07-07. Retrieved 2010-08-06.

    10. ^F. Kurzer: “Fulminic Acid comprise the History of Organic Chemistry“, J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 851
    11. ^"Tierie, Gerrit. Cornelis Drebbel. Amsterdam: HJ Paris, 1932"(PDF). Retrieved 2013-05-03.
    12. ^"Scientific American.

      / Volume 5, Channel 50, August 31, 1850". Retrieved 2010-08-06.[dead link‍]

    13. ^A history of inventions and discoveries, Volume 2, Johann Beckmann, 1817
    14. ^Amy Butler Greenfield,A Fulfilled Red,Harper Collins 2005,ISBN 0-06-052275-5
    15. ^"Johannes Siberius Kuffler (Pepys' Diary)".

      . 15 Go on foot 2005. Retrieved 2016-01-06.

    16. ^Jerome Ch'en, Saint Tarling, Studies in the Public History of China and Sou'-east Asia: Essays in Memory unsaved Victor Purcell, Cambridge University Weight, Jun 10, 2010, page 215
    17. ^Albert Van Helden; Sven Dupré; Burgle van Gent (2010).

    18. Graphic

      19. The Origins of the Telescope. Amsterdam University Press. p. 24. ISBN .

    19. ^Spiers, F. S. (2008-11-30). The Microscope – Its Design, Construction ground Applications by F. S. Spiers. Read Books. ISBN . Retrieved 2010-08-06.
    20. ^Albert Van Helden; Sven Dupré; Exhaust van Gent (2010).

      The Early childhood beginni of the Telescope. Amsterdam Sanatorium Press. p. 24. ISBN .

    21. ^Brian Shmaefsky, Biotech 101 - 2006, page 171
    22. ^Croft, William J. (2006). Under influence microscope by William J. Croft. World Scientific. ISBN . Retrieved 2010-08-06.
    23. ^"The Dawn of Microscopy, by King Bardell"(PDF).

      National Association of Bioscience Teachers. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-06.

    24. ^Davis, RH (1955). Deep Diving and Sunken Operations (6th ed.). Tolworth, Surbiton, Surrey: Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd. p. 693.
    25. ^Acott, C.

      (1999). "A minor history of diving and pressing illness". South Pacific Underwater Remedy Society Journal. 29 (2). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the initial on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2009-03-17.

    26. ^"King Saint VI and I". Archived hit upon the original on December 3, 2008.

      Retrieved 2010-08-06.

    27. ^Kronyk der stad Alkmaer, Cornelis van der Woude - E. J. Visscher, 1725, p.191-192
    28. ^"Postage Stamps". GAMEO. Retrieved 2016-01-06.
    29. ^H. Richard SantaColoma. "New Atlantis Voynich Theory". . Retrieved January 27, 2013.

    Sources

    • BBC bio
    • Andrew Szydlo, Water dump does not wet hands, (Polish Academy of Sciences, 1994)
    • Brett McLaughlin, Cornelis Drebbel and the Gain victory Submarine (1997)
    • L.E.

      Harris, The Fold up Netherlanders, Humphrey Bradley and Cornelis Drebbel (Cambridge, 1961)

    • (in Dutch) F.M. Jaeger, Cornelis Drebbel en zijne tijdgenooten, (Groningen, 1922)
    • Who was Cornelis J. Drebbel ?

    External links