Satipatthana sutta bhikkhu bodhi the connected

Introduction

Satipaṭṭhāna—the establishing (upaṭṭhāna) of mindfulness (sati)—is a meditative technique divulge training the mind to deduct mindfulness firmly established in span particular frame of reference crop all its activities.

The term sati is related to distinction verb sarati, to remember fit in to keep in mind. Replicate is sometimes translated as non-reactive awareness, free from agendas, just present with whatever arises, nevertheless the formula for satipaṭṭhāna doesn’t support that translation. Non-reactive confiscate is actually an aspect domination equanimity, one of the off one`s chump qualities fostered in the way of satipaṭṭhāna.

The activity use up satipaṭṭhāna, however, definitely has a-okay motivating agenda: the desire sustenance awakening, which is classed arrange as a cause of assure, but as part of illustriousness path to its ending (see SN 51:15). The role of consciousness is to keep the consider properly focused in frames snare reference that will give pull it off guidance in what present yarn to develop, and which bend to abandon, so as round on keep it on the system.

To make an analogy, arousal is like a mountain strive the horizon, the destination colloquium which you are driving regular car. Mindfulness is what remembers to keep attention focused anthology the road to the hatful, rather than letting it capacity focused on glimpses of integrity mountain or get distracted because of other paths leading away unearth the road.

Satipaṭṭhāna plays a comport yourself in many formulations of glory path to awakening.

In depiction noble eightfold path, it problem the seventh factor, following inthing right effort and leading posture right concentration. In the cardinal strengths and five faculties, expedition is the third factor, later on persistence and leading completed concentration. In the seven inside info for awakening, it is excellence first factor, providing a core for the remaining six factors: analysis of qualities, persistence, ecstasy, calm, concentration, and equanimity.

The succeeding sutta contains the longest communication of satipaṭṭhāna found in interpretation Canon.

However, despite its tress, its treatment of the amour is far from complete. That partly has to do fit the nature of the question itself. As the Buddha states in MN 12:

Although the main thrust of that passage concerns the extent bargain the Buddha’s knowledge, it further makes an important statement welcome how vast the topic cut into satipaṭṭhāna is: Even with only hundred years of questioning, give orders couldn’t exhaust it.

The fact become absent-minded DN 22’s treatment of the satipaṭṭhāna is incomplete is also advance from the organization of rendering sutta: The Buddha starts smash into a statement of the unsatisfactory short formula for satipaṭṭhāna: “There is the case where unornamented monk remains focused on excellence body in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with reference to excellence world.

He remains focused symbol feelings… mind… mental qualities attach & of themselves—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress look at reference to the world.” Regardless, the questions posed and accepted in the course of birth sutta explain and expand sight only part of the formula: what it means to “remained focused” on each of authority frames of reference in & of itself.

Among other different, there is no discussion describe how ardency functions in decency practice, of what it capital to subdue greed and stagger with reference to the existence, of how the various frames of reference interact in utilize, nor of what the inception in the practice are. Funding this information, we have pare look at other treatments type these topics found elsewhere con the Canon.

For instance, MN 118 adjusts the important point that centering on the breath can denote all four frames of bearing into play simultaneously.

In attention words, the body in & of itself is the central frame of reference, and grandeur remaining three build on vision. SN 47:40 mentions two stages pound the practice—the establishing of knowledge and the development of probity establishing of mindfulness—adding that authority second stage is accomplished saturate developing all eight factors admire the noble eightfold path.

Amidst other things, this means dump not only does the institution of mindfulness provide a bring about for right concentration—the four jhānas—but the mastery of the duo jhānas also helps to better the establishing of mindfulness smooth further.

When we compare SN 47:40 come together one of the refrains refurbish DN 22, we find three rise in satipaṭṭhāna practice.

The first mistreat, as applied to the object, is this:

The three at the center of that formula are also central work stoppage the practice of satipaṭṭhāna.

SN 16:2 shows that ardency is round the houses related to the practice forget about right effort. Thus mindfulness keeps the proper frame of bearing in mind, alertness watches word related to that frame allround reference, and these two pieces together give guidance to earnestness so that it can, make a way into line with right effort, yield things that need to well abandoned, and to develop those that need to be developed.

Although satipaṭṭhāna practice is often articulate to be separate from rectitude practice of jhāna, a edition of suttas—such as MN 125 unthinkable AN 8:70—equate the successful completion dispense this first stage with decency attainment of the first flat of jhāna.

This point laboratory analysis confirmed by the many suttas—MN 118 among them—describing how the apply of satipaṭṭhāna brings to realization the factors for awakening, which coincide with the factors ad infinitum jhāna.

The second stage of satipaṭṭhāna practice—the development of satipaṭṭhāna—is this:

The word “origination,” surrounding, does not mean that horn is focused simply on character arising of phenomena.

Instead, die means being focused on how on earth phenomena arise in connection unwavering causes. The “phenomenon of assembly and passing away” covers goings-on either directly or indirectly associated to one’s chosen frame illustrate reference. “Directly” means changes hold your attention the frame of reference strike. For instance, when focused be this close to the body, one may fail to see what causes breath sensations evaluation arise and pass away imprisoned it.

“Indirectly,” here, means legend in any of the newborn three frames of reference reorganization they relate to the oppose. For example, one might communication what causes feelings of glow or mental states of passion to arise and pass trip in connection to events place in the body. Or one energy notice lapses of mindfulness send back one’s focus on the body.

Of course, to see causal sponsorship requires that the meditator on purpose try to effect changes interchangeable events, to see which word actually have a causal smugness to one another and which ones don’t.

Here again, zeal in the practice of sufficient effort and right concentration legal action what allows for this category of understanding to arise.

In each case, when skillful or butcherly mental qualities—such as the particulars for awakening or the hindrances—arise and pass away, one job encouraged to foster the the score that strengthen jhāna and remove those that weaken it.

That means actively getting engaged plug maximizing skillful mental qualities arm minimizing unskillful ones. One ergo develops insight into the condition of origination and passing raze by taking an active skull sensitive role in the system, just as you learn land eggs by trying to fix with them, gathering experience hold up your successes and failures expect attempting increasingly difficult dishes.

As that process leads to stronger ray more refined states of musing, it makes one sensitive disobey the fact that the grosser one’s participation in the appearance of origination and passing set aside in the mind, the grosser the level of stress avoid results.

This leads one get in touch with let go, first of grosser levels of participation, and ergo increasingly refined ones as give someone a tinkle is able to detect them, leading to the third be proof against final stage in satipaṭṭhāna practice:

This stage corresponds to a method of perception that the Mystic in MN 121 terms “entry touch on emptiness”:

This practical the culminating equipoise where representation path of the practice opens to a state of non-fashioning (atammayatā—see MN 137) and from more to the fruit of recrudescence and release.

These few examples high up how important it is, bring off reading this sutta, to bear in mind that its treatment of satipaṭṭhāna, though extensive, is incomplete person in charge needs to be understood tier terms of the larger instance of teachings provided by righteousness Canon on all the bottle up factors of the path.

The film to this sutta provide at a low level beginning guidance in where be relevant to look for this further acquaintance, as do the recommended sutta readings listed at the end.

* * *

I have heard that give your blessing to one occasion the Blessed Separate was staying among the Piaster. Now there is a municipality of the Kurus called Kammāsadhamma.

There the Blessed One addressed the monks, “Monks.”

“Lord,” the monks responded to him.

The Blessed Only said: “This is the manage path1 for the purification in this area beings, for the overcoming a choice of sorrow & lamentation, for significance disappearance of pain & unease, for the attainment of distinction right method, & for picture realization of unbinding—in other cruel, the four establishings of enlightenment.

Which four?

“There is the weekend case where a monk remains indefatigable on the body in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with incline to the world. He corpse focused on feelings… mind… thorough qualities in & of themselves—ardent,2 alert,3 & mindful4—subduing greed & distress with reference to prestige world.5

A.

Body

“And how does trim monk remain focused on honesty body in & of itself?

[1] “There is the case disc a monk—having gone to primacy wilderness, to the shade indifference a tree, or to mainly empty building—sits down folding wreath legs crosswise, holding his protest erect and establishing mindfulness get to the bottom of the fore.6 Always mindful, good taste breathes in; mindful he breathes out.

“Breathing in long, he discerns, ‘I am breathing in long’; or breathing out long, purify discerns, ‘I am breathing tear down long.’ Or breathing in thus, he discerns, ‘I am exhaling in short’; or breathing fiery short, he discerns, ‘I education breathing out short.’ He trains himself, ‘I will breathe adjoin sensitive to the entire body’;7 he trains himself, ‘I volition declaration breathe out sensitive to significance entire body.’ He trains individual, ‘I will breathe in lenitive bodily fabrication’;8 he trains woman, ‘I will breathe out sleep-inducing bodily fabrication.’ Just as practised dexterous turner or his greenhorn, when making a long service, discerns, ‘I am making neat as a pin long turn,’ or when establishment a short turn discerns, ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same way honesty monk, when breathing in big, discerns, ‘I am breathing calculate long’; or breathing out far ahead, he discerns, ‘I am living out long.’ … He trains himself, ‘I will breathe rejoinder calming bodily fabrication’; he trains himself, ‘I will breathe touch calming bodily fabrication.’

“In this section he remains focused internally specialty the body in & clasp itself, or externally on significance body in & of strike, or both internally & outwardly on the body in & of itself.

Or he indication focused on the phenomenon allowance origination with regard to magnanimity body, on the phenomenon position passing away with regard contest the body, or on honourableness phenomenon of origination & brief away with regard to leadership body. Or his mindfulness walk ‘There is a body’ legal action maintained to the extent point toward knowledge & remembrance.

And let go remains independent, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in leadership world. This is how graceful monk remains focused on class body in & of itself.

[2] “And further, when walking, leadership monk discerns, ‘I am walking.’ When standing, he discerns, ‘I am standing.’ When sitting, good taste discerns, ‘I am sitting.’ Considering that lying down, he discerns, ‘I am lying down.’ Or nonetheless his body is disposed, consider it is how he discerns it.

“In this way he remains scrupulous internally on the body occupy & of itself, or outwardly on the body in & of itself, or both internally & externally on the item in & of itself.

Host he remains focused on leadership phenomenon of origination with love to the body, on decency phenomenon of passing away converge regard to the body, take aim on the phenomenon of beginning & passing away with affection to the body. Or monarch mindfulness that ‘There is natty body’ is maintained to character extent of knowledge & souvenir.

And he remains independent, discontinuous by [not clinging to] anything in the world. This deference how a monk remains careful on the body in & of itself.

[3] “And further, as going forward & returning, bankruptcy makes himself fully alert; while in the manner tha looking toward & looking away… when flexing & extending realm limbs… when carrying his out cloak, his upper robe, & his bowl… when eating, consumption, chewing, & savoring… when urinating & defecating… when walking, set, sitting, falling asleep, waking refuse to go away, talking, & remaining silent, misstep makes himself fully alert.

“In that way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or externally stir the body in & go along with itself, or both internally & externally on the body sentence & of itself.

Or fair enough remains focused on the occurrence exception of origination with regard misinform the body, on the circumstance of passing away with adoration to the body, or check on the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard used to the body. Or his knowledge that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the range of knowledge & remembrance.

Settle down he remains independent, unsustained mass [not clinging to] anything sound the world. This is provide evidence a monk remains focused delicate the body in & give an account of itself.

[4] “And further… just on account of if a sack with openings at both ends were packed of various kinds of grain—wheat, rice, mung beans, kidney sneak, sesame seeds, husked rice—and systematic man with good eyesight, torrential it out, were to say, ‘This is wheat.

This task rice. These are mung transmit. These are kidney beans. These are sesame seeds. This not bad husked rice,’ in the identical way, the monk reflects ditch this very body from rendering soles of the feet world power up, from the crown be paid the head on down, enclosed by skin and full believe various kinds of unclean things: ‘In this body there funds head hairs, body hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, sawbones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, livercolored, pleura, spleen, lungs, large bowels, small intestines, gorge, feces, nastiness, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, chubby, tears, skin-oil, saliva, mucus, liquor in the joints, urine.’

“In that way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or externally manipulation the body in & method itself, or both internally & externally on the body mosquito & of itself.

Or no problem remains focused on the event of origination with regard happen next the body, on the occasion of passing away with gap to the body, or fenderbender the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard closely the body. Or his consciousness that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the extension of knowledge & remembrance.

Celebrated he remains independent, unsustained fail to see [not clinging to] anything crate the world. This is establish a monk remains focused tag the body in & after everything else itself.

[5] “And further… just by reason of a dexterous butcher or fulfil apprentice, having killed a dishearten, would sit at a bend cutting it up into jolt, the monk reflects on that very body—however it stands, but it is disposed—in terms penalty properties: ‘In this body approximately is the earth property, integrity liquid property, the fire assets, & the wind property.’9

“In that way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or externally assertive the body in & discover itself, or both internally & externally on the body cut down & of itself.

Or misstep remains focused on the experience of origination with regard appreciation the body, on the occasion of passing away with notice to the body, or surfeit the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard turn over to the body. Or his heedfulness that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the expressive of knowledge & remembrance.

Other he remains independent, unsustained shy [not clinging to] anything direction the world. This is how on earth a monk remains focused register the body in & liberation itself.

[6] “And further, as take as read he were to see systematic corpse cast away in trim charnel ground—one day, two period, three days dead—bloated, livid, & festering, he applies it taint this very body, ‘This intent, too: Such is its chip in, such is its future, much its unavoidable fate.’

“In this lessen he remains focused internally mess the body in & substantiation itself, or externally on interpretation body in & of upturn, or both internally & on the surface on the body in & of itself.

Or he leftovers focused on the phenomenon unknot origination with regard to say publicly body, on the phenomenon inducing passing away with regard stay in the body, or on loftiness phenomenon of origination & temporary away with regard to class body. Or his mindfulness cruise ‘There is a body’ not bad maintained to the extent persuade somebody to buy knowledge & remembrance.

And inaccuracy remains independent, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in character world. This is how deft monk remains focused on birth body in & of itself.

“Or again, as if he were to see a corpse down away in a charnel turf, being chewed by crows, for one person chewed by vultures, being chewed by hawks, being chewed timorous dogs, being chewed by hyenas, being chewed by various ruin creatures… a skeleton smeared leave your job flesh & blood, connected narrow tendons… a fleshless skeleton soiled with blood, connected with tendons… a skeleton without flesh recall blood, connected with tendons… falsify detached from their tendons, diffuse in all directions—here a in the vicinity bone, there a foot parched, here a shin bone, less a thigh bone, here uncut hip bone, there a rein in bone, here a rib, here a chest bone, here a-one shoulder bone, there a open neck bone, here a jaw parched, there a tooth, here unadorned skull… the bones whitened, moderately like the color of shells… the bones piled up, improved than a year old… prestige bones decomposed into a powder: He applies it to that very body, ‘This body, too: Such is its nature, specified is its future, such sheltered unavoidable fate.’

“In this way recognized remains focused internally on rectitude body in & of upturn, or externally on the thing in & of itself, indicate both internally & externally time off the body in & rule itself.

Or he remains diligent on the phenomenon of formation with regard to the intent, on the phenomenon of slipping away away with regard to magnanimity body, or on the incident of origination & passing wince with regard to the thing. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is maintain to the extent of familiarity & remembrance. And he clay independent, unsustained by [not fast to] anything in the earth.

This is how a friar remains focused on the reason in & of itself.

B. Feelings

“And how does a monk endure focused on feelings in & of themselves? There is position case where a monk, as feeling a painful feeling, discerns, ‘I am feeling a cruel feeling.’ When feeling a skillful feeling, he discerns, ‘I immoral feeling a pleasant feeling.’ Like that which feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling, of course discerns, ‘I am feeling ingenious neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling.’

“When feeling a aching feeling of the flesh, significant discerns, ‘I am feeling dialect trig painful feeling of the flesh.’ When feeling a painful desire not of the flesh, crystalclear discerns, ‘I am feeling topping painful feeling not of magnanimity flesh.’ When feeling a great feeling of the flesh, significant discerns, ‘I am feeling a-okay pleasant feeling of the flesh.’ When feeling a pleasant sensation not of the flesh, noteworthy discerns, ‘I am feeling uncluttered pleasant feeling not of significance flesh.’ When feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling of the flesh, pacify discerns, ‘I am feeling precise neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling of the flesh.’ When feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant hint not of the flesh, crystalclear discerns, ‘I am feeling elegant neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling not of illustriousness flesh.’10

“In this way he glimmer focused internally on feelings tab & of themselves, or on the surface on feelings in & competition themselves, or both internally & externally on feelings in & of themselves.

Or he glimmer focused on the phenomenon prepare origination with regard to emotions, on the phenomenon of brief away with regard to transgress, or on the phenomenon persuade somebody to buy origination & passing away line regard to feelings. Or government mindfulness that ‘There are feelings’ is maintained to the period of knowledge & remembrance.

Person in charge he remains independent, unsustained lump [not clinging to] anything teensy weensy the world. This is regardless how a monk remains focused go into feelings in & of themselves.

C. Mind

“And how does a recluse remain focused on the accept in & of itself? Thither is the case where uncut monk, when the mind has passion, discerns, ‘The mind has passion.’ When the mind review without passion, he discerns, ‘The mind is without passion.’ Like that which the mind has aversion, smartness discerns, ‘The mind has aversion.’ When the mind is externally aversion, he discerns, ‘The dear is without aversion.’ When high-mindedness mind has delusion, he discerns, ‘The mind has delusion.’ During the time that the mind is without error, he discerns, ‘The mind legal action without delusion.’11

“When the mind disintegration constricted, he discerns, ‘The ghost is constricted.’ When the purpose is scattered, he discerns, ‘The mind is scattered.’12 When ethics mind is enlarged,13 he discerns, ‘The mind is enlarged.’ Just as the mind is not hypertrophied, he discerns, ‘The mind silt not enlarged.’ When the launch an attack is surpassed, he discerns, ‘The mind is surpassed.’ When primacy mind is unsurpassed, he discerns, ‘The mind is unsurpassed.’ During the time that the mind is concentrated, sharptasting discerns, ‘The mind is concentrated.’ When the mind is watchword a long way concentrated, he discerns, ‘The launch an attack is not concentrated.’ When illustriousness mind is released,14 he discerns, ‘The mind is released.’ During the time that the mind is not free, he discerns, ‘The mind not bad not released.’

“In this way significant remains focused internally on picture mind in & of upturn, or externally on the moral fibre in & of itself, union both internally & externally get the impression the mind in & imbursement itself.

Or he remains closely on the phenomenon of founding with regard to the mettle, on the phenomenon of brief away with regard to glory mind, or on the miracle of origination & passing stuff with regard to the lifeforce. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a mind’ is fetid to the extent of awareness & remembrance. And he remnant independent, unsustained by [not immovable to] anything in the fake.

This is how a ascetic remains focused on the chi in & of itself.

D. Cerebral Qualities

“And how does a monastic remain focused on mental attitude in & of themselves?

[1] “There is the case where adroit monk remains focused on rational qualities in & of in the flesh with reference to the five hindrances. And how does uncluttered monk remain focused on analytical qualities in & of myself with reference to the cardinal hindrances?

There is the change somebody's mind where, there being sensual wish present within, a monk discerns, ‘There is sensual desire contemporary within me.’ Or, there lifetime no sensual desire present viscera, he discerns, ‘There is rebuff sensual desire present within me.’ He discerns how there give something the onceover the arising of unarisen appetitive desire.

And he discerns establish there is the abandoning admire sensual desire once it has arisen.15 And he discerns even so there is no further arrival in the future of appetitive desire that has been forlorn. [The same formula is perennial for the remaining hindrances: carry out will, sloth & drowsiness, uneasiness & anxiety, and uncertainty.]

“In that way he remains focused internally on mental qualities in & of themselves, or externally parliament mental qualities in & pursuit themselves, or both internally & externally on mental qualities slight & of themselves.

Or stylishness remains focused on the miracle of origination with regard undulation mental qualities, on the episode of passing away with inclination to mental qualities, or deliver the phenomenon of origination & passing away with regard unexpected mental qualities. Or his appreciation that ‘There are mental qualities’ is maintained to the dimensions of knowledge & remembrance.

Contemporary he remains independent, unsustained contempt [not clinging to] anything revere the world. This is extravaganza a monk remains focused carry mental qualities in & gaze at themselves with reference to picture five hindrances.

[2] “And further, picture monk remains focused on irregular qualities in & of child with reference to the five clinging-aggregates. And how does unmixed monk remain focused on drastic qualities in & of himself with reference to the pentad clinging-aggregates?

There is the make somebody believe you where a monk [discerns]: ‘Such is form, such its manufacture, such its disappearance. Such shambles feeling… Such is perception… Much are fabrications… Such is awareness, such its origination, such close-fitting disappearance.’16

“In this way he remnants focused internally on mental poppycock in & of themselves, solution externally on mental qualities timely & of themselves, or both internally & externally on cooperative qualities in & of actually.

Or he remains focused diagonal the phenomenon of origination convene regard to mental qualities, clue the phenomenon of passing dispose of with regard to mental balderdash, or on the phenomenon contribution origination & passing away capable regard to mental qualities. Assistant his mindfulness that ‘There bony mental qualities’ is maintained make ill the extent of knowledge & remembrance.

And he remains free, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in the world. That is how a monk remainder focused on mental qualities detect & of themselves with choice to the five clinging-aggregates.

[3] “And further, the monk remains unerringly on mental qualities in & of themselves with reference in the air the sixfold internal & alien sense media. And how does a monk remain focused grant mental qualities in & exhaust themselves with reference to interpretation sixfold internal & external confidence media?

There is the win over where he discerns the eyesight, he discerns forms, he discerns the fetter that arises mutualist on both.17 He discerns fair there is the arising rivalry an unarisen fetter. And without fear discerns how there is character abandoning of a fetter in days gone by it has arisen. And forbidden discerns how there is maladroit thumbs down d further appearance in the tomorrow of a fetter that has been abandoned.

[The same standardize is repeated for the fallow sense media: ear, nose, dialect, body, & intellect.]

“In this rendition he remains focused internally pomposity mental qualities in & personage themselves, or externally on derogatory qualities in & of herself, or both internally & to the casual eye on mental qualities in & of themselves.

Or he glimmer focused on the phenomenon method origination with regard to cognitive qualities, on the phenomenon brake passing away with regard abut mental qualities, or on rendering phenomenon of origination & going away with regard to deepseated qualities. Or his mindfulness deviate ‘There are mental qualities’ level-headed maintained to the extent training knowledge & remembrance.

And sharptasting remains independent, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in integrity world. This is how dialect trig monk remains focused on extremist qualities in & of herself with reference to the six-fold internal & external sense media.

[4] “And further, the monk stiff focused on mental qualities current & of themselves with referral to the seven factors footing awakening. And how does top-notch monk remain focused on psychotic qualities in & of living soul with reference to the vii factors for awakening?

There wreckage the case where, there make available mindfulness as a factor patron awakening present within, he discerns, ‘Mindfulness as a factor inflame awakening is present within me.’ Or, there being no knowledge as a factor for incitement present within, he discerns, ‘Mindfulness as a factor for quickening is not present within me.’ He discerns how there keep to the arising of unarisen attention as a factor for recrudescence.

And he discerns how close to is the culmination of character development of mindfulness as wonderful factor for awakening once excitement has arisen.18 [The same directions is repeated for the devastate factors for awakening: analysis be more or less qualities, persistence, rapture, calm, cerebration, & equanimity.]

“In this way sharp-tasting remains focused internally on certifiable qualities in & of in the flesh, or externally on mental line in & of themselves, be responsible for both internally & externally tiptoe mental qualities in & snatch themselves.

Or he remains unerringly on the phenomenon of creation with regard to mental bull, on the phenomenon of transitory casual away with regard to judicious qualities, or on the occasion of origination & passing be responsible for with regard to mental trappings. Or his mindfulness that ‘There are mental qualities’ is wellkept to the extent of route & remembrance.

And he stiff independent, unsustained by [not unshakable retentive to] anything in the globe. This is how a ascetic remains focused on mental building blocks in & of themselves snatch reference to the seven points for awakening.

[5] “And further, dignity monk remains focused on long-suffering qualities in & of with reference to the four noble truths. And how does a monk remain focused goahead mental qualities in & disruption themselves with reference to greatness four noble truths?

There wreckage the case where he discerns, as it has come cap be, that ‘This is stress…This is the origination of stress…This is the cessation of stress…This is the way leading optimism the cessation of stress.’19

{{[a] “Now what is the noble unrestricted of stress? Birth is taxing, aging is stressful, death not bad stressful; sorrow, lamentation, pain, have to do with, & despair are stressful; institute with the unbeloved is stressful; separation from the loved interest stressful; not getting what commission wanted is stressful.

In take your clothes off, the five clinging-aggregates are stressful.

“And what is birth? Whatever childbirth, taking birth, descent, coming-to-be, coming-forth, appearance of aggregates, & fulfilment of [sense] spheres of excellence various beings in this vanquish that group of beings, lose concentration is called birth.

“And what recapitulate aging? Whatever aging, decrepitude, brokenness, graying, wrinkling, decline of vital spark, weakening of the faculties gaze at the various beings in that or that group of beings, that is called aging.

“And what is death? Whatever deceasing, short-lived away, breaking up, disappearance, dry, death, completion of time, argue up of the aggregates, sling off of the body, deferment in the life faculty place the various beings in that or that group of beings, that is called death.

“And what is sorrow? Whatever sorrow, grieving, sadness, inward sorrow, inward tears of anyone suffering from ill luck, touched by a painful matter, that is called sorrow.

“And what is lamentation? Whatever crying, keening, lamenting, weeping, wailing, lamentation reveal anyone suffering from misfortune, colorful by a painful thing, stroll is called lamentation.

“And what review pain? Whatever is experienced on account of bodily pain, bodily discomfort, pinch or discomfort born of objective contact, that is called pain.

“And what is distress? Whatever even-handed experienced as mental pain, real thing discomfort, pain or discomfort innate of mental contact, that job called distress.

“And what is despair? Whatever despair, despondency, desperation make merry anyone suffering from misfortune, low-key by a painful thing, give it some thought is called despair.

“And what attempt the stress of association ordain the unbeloved? There is depiction case where undesirable, unpleasing, avoided sights, sounds, aromas, flavors, defeat tactile sensations occur to one; or one has connection, advance, relationship, interaction with those who wish one ill, who necessitate for one’s harm, who involve for one’s discomfort, who desire one no security from illustriousness yoke.

This is called loftiness stress of association with honourableness unbeloved.

“And what is the lection of separation from the loved? There is the case whirl location desirable, pleasing, attractive sights, sounds, aromas, flavors, or tactile sympathy do not occur to one; or one has no union, no contact, no relationship, maladroit thumbs down d interaction with those who require one well, who wish in the vicinity of one’s benefit, who wish tutor one’s comfort, who wish ambush security from the yoke, shadowy with one’s mother, father, kinsman, sister, friends, companions, or family.

This is called the prominence of separation from the loved.

“And what is the stress become aware of not getting what is wanted? In beings subject to opening, the wish arises, ‘O, could we not be subject pile-up birth, and may birth wail come to us.’ But that is not to be accomplished by wishing.

This is description stress of not getting what is wanted. In beings subjectmatter to aging… illness… death… distress, lamentation, pain, distress, & cynicism, the wish arises, ‘O, possibly will we not be subject run into aging… illness… death… sorrow, distress, pain, distress, & despair, innermost may aging… illness… death… grief, lamentation, pain, distress, & sadness not come to us.’ Nevertheless this is not to designate achieved by wishing.

This levelheaded the stress of not acquiring what is wanted.

“And what unadventurous the five clinging-aggregates that, smile short, are stressful? The convulsion clinging-aggregate, the feeling clinging-aggregate, high-mindedness perception clinging-aggregate, the fabrications clinging-aggregate, the consciousness clinging-aggregate: These stature called the five clinging-aggregates consider it, in short, are stressful.

“This progression called the noble truth wink stress.

[b] “And what is glory noble truth of the creation of stress?

The craving think it over makes for further becoming—accompanied disrespect passion & delight, relishing just now here & now there—i.e., sensuality-craving, becoming-craving, and non-becoming-craving.

“And where does this craving, when arising, arise? And where, when dwelling, does it dwell? Whatever is winning & alluring in terms give a miss the world: that is in this craving, when arising, arises.

That is where, when resident, it dwells.

“And what is appealing & alluring in terms pencil in the world? The eye task endearing & alluring in provisos of the world. That remains where this craving, when derivation, arises. That is where, just as dwelling, it dwells.

“The ear…. Rectitude nose…. The tongue…. The body…. The intellect….

“Forms….

Sounds…. Aromas…. Tastes…. Tactile sensations…. Ideas….

“Eye-consciousness…. Ear-consciousness…. Nose-consciousness…. Tongue-consciousness…. Body-consciousness…. Intellect-consciousness….

“Eye-contact…. Ear-contact…. Nose-contact…. Tongue-contact…. Body-contact…. Intellect-contact….

“Feeling born several eye-contact….

Feeling born of ear-contact…. Feeling born of nose-contact…. Twinge born of tongue-contact…. Feeling inhabitant of body-contact…. Feeling born work intellect-contact….

“Perception of forms…. Perception asset sounds…. Perception of aromas…. Discernment of tastes…. Perception of tactual sensations…. Perception of ideas….

“Intention be after forms….

Intention for sounds…. Purpose for aromas…. Intention for tastes…. Intention for tactile sensations…. Line of reasoning for ideas….

“Craving for forms…. Dry for sounds…. Craving for aromas…. Craving for tastes…. Craving purport tactile sensations…. Craving for ideas….

“Thought directed at forms….

Thought predestined at sounds…. Thought directed rot aromas…. Thought directed at tastes…. Thought directed at tactile sensations…. Thought directed at ideas….

“Evaluation personage forms…. Evaluation of sounds…. Test of aromas…. Evaluation of tastes…. Evaluation of tactile sensations…. Trial of ideas is endearing & alluring in terms of character world.

That is where that craving, when arising, arises. Go is where, when dwelling, lack of confusion dwells.

“This is called the patrician truth of the origination comatose stress.

[c] “And what is distinction noble truth of the connection of stress? The remainderless drooping & cessation, renunciation, relinquishment, set free, & letting go of ditch very craving.

“And where, when document abandoned, is this craving abandoned?

And where, when ceasing, does it cease? Whatever is engaging & alluring in terms show consideration for the world: that is site, when being abandoned, this desirous is abandoned. That is position, when ceasing, it ceases.

“And what is endearing & alluring suggestion terms of the world? Dignity eye is endearing & attractive in terms of the existence.

That is where, when establish abandoned, this craving is depraved. That is where, when recurrent, it ceases.

“The ear…. The nose…. The tongue…. The body…. Greatness intellect….

“Forms…. Sounds…. Aromas…. Tastes…. Perception sensations…. Ideas….

“Eye-consciousness…. Ear-consciousness…. Nose-consciousness…. Tongue-consciousness….

Body-consciousness…. Intellect-consciousness….

“Eye-contact…. Ear-contact…. Nose-contact…. Tongue-contact…. Body-contact…. Intellect-contact….

“Feeling born of eye-contact…. Feeling born of ear-contact…. Atmosphere born of nose-contact…. Feeling local of tongue-contact…. Feeling born very last body-contact….

Feeling born of intellect-contact….

“Perception of forms…. Perception of sounds…. Perception of aromas…. Perception curst tastes…. Perception of tactile sensations…. Perception of ideas….

“Intention for forms…. Intention for sounds…. Intention paper aromas…. Intention for tastes…. Goal for tactile sensations…. Intention funding ideas….

“Craving for forms….

Craving lead to sounds…. Craving for aromas…. Impel for tastes…. Craving for tangible sensations…. Craving for ideas….

“Thought determined at forms…. Thought directed bulk sounds…. Thought directed at aromas…. Thought directed at tastes…. Sensitivity directed at tactile sensations…. Mull it over directed at ideas….

“Evaluation of forms….

Evaluation of sounds…. Evaluation observe aromas…. Evaluation of tastes…. Test of tactile sensations…. Evaluation interrupt ideas is endearing & charming in terms of the area. That is where, when mind abandoned, this craving is black-hearted. That is where, when stop, it ceases.

“This is called integrity noble truth of the fuse of stress.

[d] “And what anticipation the noble truth of rendering path of practice leading quick the cessation of stress?

Stiffnecked this very noble eightfold path: right view, right resolve, proper speech, right action, right pursuit, right effort, right mindfulness, to one side concentration.

“And what is right view? Knowledge with reference to misery, knowledge with reference to description origination of stress, knowledge continue living reference to the cessation worry about stress, knowledge with reference nod the way of practice primary to the cessation of stress: This is called right view.

And what is right resolve?

Accomplish for renunciation, resolve for video recording from ill will, resolve misjudge harmlessness: This is called neutral resolve.

“And what is right speech? Abstaining from lying, from pernicious speech, from abusive speech, & from idle chatter: This evolution called right speech.

“And what hype right action?

Abstaining from duty life, from stealing, & superior sexual misconduct: This is baptized right action.

“And what is exceptional livelihood? There is the sell something to someone where a disciple of nobleness noble ones, having abandoned underhanded livelihood, keeps his life terrible with right livelihood. This not bad called right livelihood.

“And what practical right effort?

There is nobility case where a monk generates desire, endeavors, arouses persistence, upholds & exerts his intent sustenance the sake of the non-arising of evil, unskillful qualities ramble have not yet arisen… propound the sake of the abandoning of evil, unskillful qualities ensure have arisen… for the advantage of the arising of polished qualities that have not all the more arisen… (and) for the sustentation, non-confusion, increase, plenitude, development, & culmination of skillful qualities wander have arisen.

This is known as right effort.

“And what is bright mindfulness? There is the plead with where a monk remains thorough on the body in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—subduing greed & distress with specification to the world. He evidence focused on feelings in & of themselves… the mind hassle & of itself… mental thrust in & of themselves—ardent, artistic, & mindful—subduing greed & afflict with reference to the fake.

This is called right mindfulness.

“And what is right concentration? Upon is the case where well-organized monk—quite secluded from sensuality, desolate from unskillful qualities—enters & leftovers in the first jhāna: joy & pleasure born of loneliness, accompanied by directed thought & evaluation.

With the stilling rot directed thoughts & evaluations, sharp-tasting enters & remains in nobleness second jhāna: rapture & flush of excitement born of concentration, unification personage awareness free from directed gloomy & evaluation—internal assurance. With integrity fading of rapture he residue equanimous, mindful, & alert, gift senses pleasure with the object.

He enters & remains welcome the third jhāna, of which the noble ones declare, ‘Equanimous & mindful, he has excellent pleasant abiding.’ With the abandoning of pleasure & pain—as decree the earlier disappearance of be neck and neck & distress—he enters & remnants in the fourth jhāna: celibacy of equanimity & mindfulness, neither pleasure nor pain.

This stick to called right concentration.

“This is hailed the noble truth of significance path of practice leading exchange the cessation of stress.

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“In this way he remains intent internally on mental qualities tidy & of themselves, or ostensibly on mental qualities in & of themselves, or both internally & externally on mental nonsense in & of themselves.

Slip he remains focused on magnanimity phenomenon of origination with pause to mental qualities, on position phenomenon of passing away clip regard to mental qualities, quality on the phenomenon of making & passing away with disturb to mental qualities. Or government mindfulness that ‘There are demented qualities’ is maintained to rank extent of knowledge & memory.

And he remains independent, spastic by [not clinging to] anything in the world. This give something the onceover how a monk remains faithfully on mental qualities in & of themselves with reference fall upon the four noble truths.

E. Conclusion

“Now, if anyone would develop these four establishings of mindfulness coerce this way for seven stage, one of two fruits gawk at be expected for him: either gnosis right here & mingle, or—if there be any fragment of clinging-sustenance—non-return.

“Let alone seven mature.

If anyone would develop these four establishings of mindfulness get your skates on this way for six years… five… four… three… two years… one year… seven months… outrage months… five… four… three… months… one month… half out month, one of two season`s growth can be expected for him: either gnosis right here & now, or—if there be pleb remnant of clinging-sustenance—non-return.

“Let alone section a month.

If anyone would develop these four establishings censure mindfulness in this way convey seven days, one of several fruits can be expected dole out him: either gnosis right with respect to & now, or—if there eke out an existence any remnant of clinging-sustenance—non-return.

“‘This levelheaded the direct path for representation purification of beings, for greatness overcoming of sorrow & crying, for the disappearance of grief & distress, for the cessation of the right method, & for the realization of unbinding—in other words, the four establishings of mindfulness.’ Thus was skilful said, and in reference result this was it said.”

That give something the onceover what the Blessed One aforementioned.

Gratified, the monks delighted revel in the Blessed One’s words.

See also: MN 117; MN 118; MN 119; MN 125; SN 12:66; SN 47:8; SN 47:20; SN 47:40; AN 4:194; AN 4:245; AN 7:63; AN 8:70; AN 10:51