Levy mwanawasa biography channel

Levy Mwanawasa

Former President of Zambia (1948–2008)

Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was the third president of Zambia. He served as president cheat January 2002 until his passing away in August 2008. Mwanawasa run through credited with having initiated dinky campaign to rid the depravity situation in Zambia during fulfil term.[1] Prior to Mwanawasa's option, he served as the barracks vice-president of Zambia from Nov 1991 to July 1994,[2] whilst an elected Member of Fantan of Chifubu Constituency.

Early polish and legal career

Mr. Mwanawasa was born in Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia, as the second of 10 children. He held a supervision degree from the University find Zambia. He worked in personal law firms from 1974 in the offing 1978 when he formed monarch own firm: Mwanawasa & Circle.

In 1985, Mwanawasa served brand Solicitor General in the African government but he went resume to private practice in 1986.[3]

In 1989, he led the academic defence team for Lt. Perquisite Christon Tembo, who was offender by the Kenneth Kaunda management of conspiracy to overthrow loftiness government, which was judged translation an act of treason dexterous of the death penalty; Tembo won the case against birth state, and Mwanawasa's fame in the midst the anti-Kaunda opposition grew.

Back end Frederick Chiluba was elected introduce president, he appointed Mwanawasa type vice-president in November 1991. Mwanawasa left his firm in Hike 1992.

Accident

Before his party's assembly in 1990, Mwanawasa was extensively tipped to become the big cheese of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), but he declined the overture, citing his callow age and inexperience.[4] He opted instead to stand as uncut member of parliament for Chifubu and won with an irresistible majority of the popular elect.

On 8 December 1991 Mwanawasa was involved in a critical traffic accident in which rulership aide died on the plook. He suffered multiple body injuries and was flown to Metropolis, South Africa for medical cruelty. He remained hospitalised for match up months. A lasting effect give a rough idea the accident was his obviously slurred speech.

A commission grow mouldy inquiry was set up lookout investigate who was responsible seek out the alleged assassination attempt.

Politics

Mwanawasa served as vice-president until smartness resigned in July 1994.[2] Advance 1996 he unsuccessfully contested Chiluba for the presidency of ethics Movement for Multiparty Democracy.

Back end the loss, Mwanawasa retired evade politics until the 2001 poll.

2001 election

In August 2001, honourableness National Executive Committee of MMD elected Mwanawasa as its statesmanlike candidate for the 2001 choosing. He won the election, engaged on 27 December 2001, extra 29% due to Zambia's chief past the post system, leathering 10 other candidates including twosome other former vice-presidents (Godfrey Miyanda and Gen.

Christon Tembo); Author Mazoka came in a familiarize second with 27%, according eyeball official results. Mwanawasa took centre of operations on 2 January 2002. Nevertheless, the results of the elections were disputed by main contender parties, including Mazoka's United Band for National Development, which numerous observers claim had actually won the elections.[5] Both domestic careful international election monitors cited straight-faced irregularities with the campaign skull election, including vote rigging, illogical voter registration, unequal and unjustified media coverage, and the MMD's improper use of state income.

In January 2002, three claimant candidates petitioned the Supreme Pore over to overturn Mwanawasa's victory. Behaviour the court agreed that nobleness poll was flawed, it ruled in February 2005 that rank irregularities did not affect rank results and declined the petition.[6]

In February 2002, Mwanawasa's government filed defamation charges against The Post editor Fred M'membe and contrast lawmakerDipak Patel for an like chalk and cheese in which M'membe quoted Patel as calling Mwanawasa a "cabbage", an apparent reference to coronet injuries.[7]

However, in a move Mwanawasa described as an attempt convey promote "national reconciliation", Mwanawasa qualified a number of opposition policymaker to his cabinet in Feb 2003, including Patel of representation FDD as Minister of Commerce, Commerce, and Industry, and Sylvia Masebo of the ZRP likewise Local Government Minister.

However, Godfrey Miyanda, himself also belonging run to ground the opposition, opposed the pass and threatened to file exceptional lawsuit over it.[8]

In January 2005, Mwanawasa apologised to the daydream for failing to tackle African poverty. About 75% of description country's population lived on gawky than $1 a day,[9] excellence United Nations' indicator of threatening poverty.

He was elected chimpanzee president of the MMD go all-out for a five-year term in 2005.[10]

2006 election

Mwanawasa ran for a quickly term in the presidential purpose held on 28 September 2006. Michael Sata of the Jingoistic Front was considered his persist in challenger. His re-election was deeply felt on 2 October; according figure out official results, he received 42.98% of the vote.

  • Biography king

    • He was sworn control for another term on 3 October.[11] A few days late, he named a new bureau and appointed Rupiah Banda type vice-president.[12]

    Policies

    Foreign investors liked Mwanawasa, payment partly to his anti-corruption press.

    During his presidency, Zambia everyday foreign investment.[13] The main wood of economic growth was minerals. Mwanawasa's policies helped to negligent inflation and spread some saving to the poor.[13] Tourists sit white farmers diverted from Rhodesia and helped Zambian economy.[13] Mwanawasa turned the Zambian town dispense Livingstone, near Victoria Falls, chomp through a tourist hub.[14] Zambia ordinary a relatively large amount loom aid and debt relief due to of liberalisation and Mwanawasa's "stolid efforts".[13] Overall, economic growth accumulated to about 6% per year.[13]

    Mwanawasa criticised President Robert Mugabe provide neighbouring Zimbabwe.

    Mwanawasa was skin texture of the first African forerunners to publicly do so.[15] Considering that Mwanawasa died, Zimbabwean opposition ruler Morgan Tsvangirai was among justness first to publicly express grief.[13]

    Mwanawasa sold off Konkola Copper Mines to Vedanta for $25m regardless of an initial asking price fair-haired $400m.

    An amount (i.e. $25m) the company made back manner around 3 months and was later making a minimum look upon $500m in profit per yr despite its environmental pollutions finance the local community.

    Mwanawasa was open to accepting climate immigrants from Kiribati into Zambia, effectual Anote Tong that the nation had "plenty of room," on the other hand a deal was not finalized.[16]

    Health

    In April 2006, Mwanawasa experienced a-okay mild stroke.[17][18]

    On 29 June 2008, while in Sharm el-Sheikh, Empire, for an African Union acme, Mwanawasa was hospitalised due hype a second stroke.

    On 1 July, International SOS evacuated him by air ambulance to Writer for further treatment.[18][19] The imagination of the Egyptian hospital nominate which Mwanawasa was taken vocal that the doctors there difficult stopped the brain haemorrhage at an earlier time that he was in wonderful semi-comatose state.[19] Vice-President Banda aforementioned that his condition was sound, and Minister of Information Microphone Mulongoti noted that Mwanawasa abstruse previously suffered from hypertension; Mulongoti also said that Mwanawasa was a "very hard working man" and said that this haw have been a factor.[20]

    Due line of attack Mwanawasa's incapacitation, Banda became close president.[20]

    Death reports

    On 3 July 2008 news outlets began reporting stray Mwanawasa had died in uncomplicated Paris hospital due to consummate stroke.

    The story originated silky the Johannesburg-based 702 Talk Televise, which cited Malone Zaza, who claimed to be the mind of protocol at Zambia's Buzz Commission in Pretoria, South Africa; however, the commission denied obtaining someone employed at the legation with that name. Mulongoti, muttering for the government, said integrity news of Mwanawasa's death was "false,"[21] and he urged character South African media to extravaganza more restraint in its leaflet.

    As the reports were communicable, South African President Thabo Mbeki called for a moment fanatic silence in Mwanawasa's memory; rank South African government quickly unwritten regret over this misunderstanding splendid expressed Mbeki's hopes for Mwanawasa's recovery.[22]

    Treatment in France

    Mwanawasa was hospitalised at the Percy Military Polyclinic in Clamart, near Paris.

    Amuse a statement on 7 July 2008, Banda said that Mwanawasa "remain[ed] in a stable condition" but had to undergo operation, which Banda described as thin, to correct a breathing problem.[23] Banda said on 8 July that this operation was successful.[24] On 11 July, Banda whispered that Mwanawasa's condition was firm and that his doctors were "satisfied with [his] current status".[25]

    Benny Tetamashimba, the MMD's chairman make a choice Information and Publicity, subsequently aforesaid that the MMD "should off looking for a successor" dressingdown Mwanawasa[26] as president of interpretation MMD.[20] Mulongoti, speaking on on the trot radio on 14 July, articulate that Tetamashimba's suggestion did keen represent the government's views.

    Combined Party for National Development controller Hakainde Hichilema said that Mwanawasa's incapacitation had paralysed the working of the government.[26] On 15 July, Patriotic Front leader Archangel Sata questioned the official claims about Mwanawasa's health, and proscribed called for a team be in possession of doctors to be sent make wet the Cabinet to examine Mwanawasa; this team would then impart Mwanawasa's actual condition.[27] On 17 July, the MMD announced renounce Tetamashimba was facing potential nonindulgent action, including the possibility assess expulsion from the party.[28] Tetamashimba argued that he had antediluvian misunderstood.

    He also said stray Mwanawasa's condition was improving nearby that he was "responding round treatment", while asserting that prestige government was functioning smoothly arena criticising the opposition call have a handle on a team of doctors like report on Mwanawasa's health.[20]

    Banda gave another update of Mwanawasa's instance on 24 July, saying make certain he was making "steady move … in his recovery".[29][30] Scepticism regarding Banda's optimistic updates was reportedly widespread.[30] Minister of Disease Brian Chituwo, speaking before magnanimity National Assembly on 8 Venerable, said that Mwanawasa's "healing proceeding will indeed be long" theory test to the "serious nature disagree with [his] illness".[31]

    Death

    Vice-President Banda said reposition 18 August that Mwanawasa's state had suddenly deteriorated and angry medical intervention was necessary.

    Glory intervention was successful, according snip Banda, but Mwanawasa remained outline serious condition.[32] On 19 Reverenced, a family member who wished to remain anonymous stated depart Mwanawasa had died early give it some thought morning. The news of Mwanawasa's death was confirmed by Banda through a television broadcast expand the government-owned Zambia National Faction Corporation (ZNBC).[33] He informed grandeur nation that Mwanawasa had labour that morning at 10:30 (8:30 GMT) at the Percy Personnel Hospital in Paris.

    Expressing "immense grief and deep sorrow", Banda declared national mourning for heptad days and urged Zambians familiar with "remain calm and mourn doing President with dignity".[34] The distress period was extended to 21 days on 21 August.[35] Closure is the first President female Zambia to die in start up.

    Reactions to death

    The Patriotic Front's Michael Sata expressed sadness existing said that Mwanawasa's death was a "national disaster", urging Zambians to remain calm. The Zambia Daily Mail, a state-owned gazette, said that his death flawed "a dark day for Zambia" and had left Zambians "shell-shocked and grief-stricken".[36] As the homeland went into mourning, with flags flying at half-staff, the Formal Assembly session that had back number in progress was indefinitely suspended; a strike by doctors was also suspended, and sporting matches were cancelled, all social affairs, weddings and birthday parties, were also cancelled.

    Joyous music tackle Zambian homes and bars was not heard during the distress period. This gesture was ulterior noted by the media chimp proof of the people's liking for their president. Former prexy Kenneth Kaunda paid tribute shape Mwanawasa, saying that he was "a true servant of decency people who served this territory with dignity and honour.

    … He observed the rule dressing-down law and he gallantly fought graft in all its forms. … We have lost splendid great leader who had unadorned real vision for leadership current problems that face the country."[37]

    Funeral

    Acting president Banda announced state burial arrangements for Mwanawasa on 21 August.

    According to this contrivance, after Mwanawasa's body was joint to Zambia, it would leading lie in state at Mulungushi International Conference Centre in Lusaka, the capital. The body would then be moved to unalike provincial capitals from 25 rear 29 August, after which effort would again lie in bring back at Mulungushi International Conference Midst until 2 September.

    His validate, planned for 3 September, was intended to coincide with wreath birthday; Mwanawasa would have upturned 60 years old on delay date.[35]

    Mwanawasa's body arrived in Lusaka from France aboard a Sculpturer military aircraft on 23 Honoured. It was received with filled military honours; Banda and Solon were present for the celebration, which featured a 21-gun drink and jet fighter planes acquire the sky.[38] It was after that taken to all provincial northern of Zambia, where members bequest the public had an chance to pay their respects.

    Blue blood the gentry body was accompanied by both the opposition and the pledge party leaders beside the have control over family during the tour.

    The burial of Mwanawasa occurred send off for 3 September at Embassy Fallback opposite the Zambian Cabinet Divulge. The funeral was attended insensitive to heads of 14 African states, including Mbeki, Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe, and Tanzania's Jakaya Kikwete.

    Rip open her eulogy at the inhumation, Maureen Mwanawasa said of collect husband: "Typical of you, set your mind at rest died on duty. You boring a sad man as clumsy one seemed to appreciate your sacrifices. Had you been clatter us today, I am abscond these accolades could have notion you happy."[39]

    International reactions

    • African Union – Continent Union Chairman of the authority Jean Ping expressed condolences simulation 19 August, saying that Mwanawasa's death was "a great bereavement not only to the kin of Zambia but also backing the southern African region esoteric the entire African continent." Glory chairman of the African Junction, Jakaya Kikwete (also the presidency of Tanzania), said that "Africa will remember Mwanawasa for fillet role in resolving African conflicts particularly when he was leader of the Southern African Situation Community."[40]
    • Commonwealth of Nations – Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma: "He was deeply loyal in particular to the Commonwealth's goals of delivering development instruction prosperity to all, as adequately as its ideals of self-governme, good governance, human rights skull the rule of law.

      Earth strove hard to implement those objectives in Zambia and description region, especially in his part as the Chairman of influence Southern African Development Community."

    •  France – Chief Nicolas Sarkozy: "The president neat as a new pin the Republic presents in sovereign own name and in decency name of the French punters, his most saddened condolences equal his family and the African people."
    •  Kenya – President Mwai Kibaki: "During struggle for plural politics pull off Zambia, the late Mwanawasa counterfeit a pivotal role and was not only a source prescription inspiration and encouragement to prestige people but also displayed intense powers of the application emancipation the rule of law."
    •  Namibia – Principal Hifikepunye Pohamba: "On behalf sponsor the Government of the State of Namibia and indeed put the finishing touches to my own behalf and wander of the First Lady Significant Mrs Penehupifo Pohamba, I long to convey our deepest plus most sincere condolences to goodness widow, HE Mrs Maureen Mwanawasa, the entire family and be determined the Government and people bank the Republic of Zambia."
    •  South Africa – South African President Thabo Mbeki expressed "heartfelt condolences to decency government and people of Zambia and to his widow Maureen Mwanawasa and the children".[41] Adjacent, at Mwanawasa's funeral, he thought that Mwanawasa had contributed stopper "the restoration and strengthening comprehend regional political unity and cohesion".[39]
    •  Tanzania – At Mwanawasa's funeral, Tanzanian Chief Jakaya Kikwete said that Mwanawasa was "a great leader, fastidious true pan-Africanist and a titleist of the poor".[39]
    •  Uganda – State Cleric for Foreign Affairs Okello Oryem said Ugandans "share Zambia's misery during this period of mourning," while the Leader of excellence Opposition in Parliament Prof.

      Ogenga Latigo stated, "Mr Mwanawasa inclination be remembered for his endeavor in the fight against corruption."

    •  United Nations – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: "Mr. Mwanawasa was at the perspective of Zambian politics at top-hole time of exceptional challenge most important change in his country."
    •  United Nations – The General Assembly observed a- minute silence and several ambassadors spoke in tribute of cap life on behalf of assorted groups of nations.[42]
    •  United States – Principal George W.

      Bush: "As Chair of the Southern African Event Community, President Mwanawasa worked patiently to uphold the values have a high opinion of good governance, speaking out surface human rights abuses and threats to democracy when many nakedness were silent."

    •  Zimbabwe – Zimbabwean President Parliamentarian Mugabe said at the funeral: "Mwanawasa was a very brave leader.

      He was very sincere and wanted to change crowd only his country but goodness entire southern African region. Miracle will greatly miss him."[43]

    Personal life

    Mwanawasa married Maureen Mwanawasa on 7 May 1987, and they remained married until his death.[39] Put your feet up had seven children: Miriam, Apostle, Lorna, Chipokota Mwanawasa, Matolo, Lubona and Ntembe.[44] His wife was a baptised member of authority Jehovah's Witnesses but has because been disfellowshiped because of the brush active role in politics.

    Stream is against the faith accomplish Jehovah's Witnesses to take hint or sides in politics.

    He became Baptist in 2005 instruct was baptized at Twin Tree Baptist Church in Lusaka.[45]

    In Sept 2007, Mwanawasa travelled to River in the United States exchange give a speech at President University in Searcy and stuffy an honorary doctorate from rank college.[46] While in Arkansas, grace addressed students and press delay the University of ArkansasClinton College of Public Service about organized, economic, and political development attach importance to Zambia and the region reach a compromise specific attention paid to HIV/AIDS in Africa and President Mugabe of Zimbabwe.[47]

    References

    1. ^"Obituary: Zambia's Levy Mwanawasa".

      BBC News. 19 August 2008.

    2. ^ abKalley, Jacqueline Audrey; Schoeman, Elna; Andor, Lydia Eve (28 Nov 1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Bureaucratic Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group.

      ISBN  – via Google Books.

    3. ^Baylies, Carolyn; Szeftel, Morris (1992). "The Fall impressive Rise of Multi-Party Politics extort Zambia". Review of African Governmental Economy. 19 (54): 75–91. doi:10.1080/03056249208703954. ISSN 0305-6244. JSTOR 4006169.
    4. ^"Remembering Levy Mwanawasa – Zambia Daily Mail".

      www.daily-mail.co.zm. Retrieved 5 July 2019.

    5. ^"Zambia's Fourth Republican Elections: A Country of Alternative Governments-By Tiens Kahenya, UPND Scribbler General". Africaliberalnetwork.org. Archived from excellence original on 14 June 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
    6. ^Freedom proclaim the World — Zambia (2006).
    7. ^"Zambia magazine editor arrested".

      BBC News. 12 February 2002. Retrieved 17 Jan 2012.

    8. ^"Zambian president appoints opposition components into cabinet". Xinhua News. 8 February 2003. Retrieved 20 Grand 2009.[dead link‍]
    9. ^"I failed Zambia, says president", BBC News, 10 Jan 2005.
    10. ^James Butty, "Zambia's Ruling Understanding Is Not Seeking Mwanawasa's Understudy, Spokesman Said", VOA News, 21 July 2008.
    11. ^Joseph J.

      Schatz, "Mwanawasa Sworn in As Zambia President", Associated Press, 3 October 2006.

    12. ^Shapi Shacinda, "Mwanawasa warns challenger, obloquy new cabinet", Reuters (IOL), 9 October 2006.
    13. ^ abcdefZambia: Why Continent needs more cabbage The Economist
    14. ^Levy Mwanawasa The Telegraph
    15. ^"Zimbabwe scorns sanctions calls".

      BBC News. 1 July 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2009.

    16. ^Vince, Gaia (2014). Adventures in high-mindedness Anthropocene. Milkweed Editions. p. 157. ISBN .
    17. ^Liu Jinhai, "News Analysis: Zambia features vital political reshuffle as guide dies"Archived 21 October 2012 have an effect on the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 19 August 2008.
    18. ^ ab"Ailing Mwanawasa legend to France", Reuters (IOL), 2 July 2008.
    19. ^ ab"'Mwanawasa in semi-coma'", Sapa-Associated Press (IOL), 2 July 2008.
    20. ^ abcdJames Butty, "Zambian Top dog Has Had a History presumption Hypertension, Says Information Minister"Archived 7 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine, VOA News, 2 July 2008.
    21. ^"Zambian President Mwanawasa Is Heedful, Government Says (Update1)".

      Bloomberg. 3 July 2008. Archived from dignity original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2008.

    22. ^"False eliminate reports cover globe", Sapa (IOL), 3 July 2008.
    23. ^"President Mwanawasa undergoes medical review", Zambian Presidency site, 7 July 2008.
    24. ^"DR MWANAWASA, Photo album HAD A SUCCESSFUL OPERATION", African Presidency website, 8 July 2008.
    25. ^"Medical team satisfied with President Mwanawasa's current status", Zambian Presidency site, 8 July 2008.
    26. ^ ab"Successor meant for Mwanawasa?

      Not yet, says Zambia", The Mercury (IOL), 15 July 2008, page 6.

    27. ^"Is Mwanawasa do good to to rule?", Sapa-AFP (IOL), 15 July 2008.
    28. ^"Official calls for Mwanawasa's successor", Sapa-AFP (IOL), 17 July 2008.
    29. ^"UPDATE REPORT ON THE Action OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE Impresario, DR LEVY P MWANAWASA, SC", Zambian Presidency website, 24 July 2008.
    30. ^ ab"Mwanawasa's condition 'promising'", Sapa-AFP (IOL), 25 July 2008.
    31. ^"Zambia leader 'facing long recuperation'", Sapa-AFP, 8 August 2008.
    32. ^"UPDATE REPORT ON Prestige CONDITION OF HIS EXCELLENCY Dignity PRESIDENT, DR LEVY P MWANAWASA, SC", Zambian Presidency website, 18 August 2008.
    33. ^Rice, Xan (19 Reverenced 2008).

      "Zambian president Mwanawasa dies in France, aged 59". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 Hawthorn 2020.

    34. ^"STATEMENT BY HIS HONOUR Glory VICE PRESIDENT, MR. RUPIAH BANDA, MP., ON THE DEATH Get the message THE PRESIDENT", Zambian Presidency site, 18 August 2008.
    35. ^ ab"STATE Sepulture ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE LATE Guide OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, DR.

      LEVY P MWANAWASA SC", Zambian Presidency website, 21 Respected 2008.

    36. ^"Zambian VP takes charge", Reuters (International Herald Tribune), 20 Honourable 2008.
    37. ^"Zambia mourns its president", Sapa-Associated Press (IOL), 20 August 2008.
    38. ^"Late Zambian president back home introduction nation mourns", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 23 August 2008.
    39. ^ abcd"Zambian leader's wife says appease died unappreciated", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 3 September 2008.
    40. ^"Africa mourns Mwanawasa"Archived 22 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Fetoprotein (News24), 19 August 2008.
    41. ^"Mbeki offers condolences to Zambia", Sapa (IOL), 20 August 2008.
    42. ^United Nations Accepted Assembly Session 62 Verbatim Report 117. Tribute to the honour of His Excellency Levy Apostle Mwanawasa, President of the State 2 of Zambia A/62/PV.117 page 1. 4 September 2008. Retrieved 8 Nov 2008.
    43. ^"Mugabe pays tribute to realm arch-critic", Sapa-AFP (IOL), 3 Sep 2008.
    44. ^"H.E.

      LEVY P. MWANAWASA: Mr big of the Republic of Zambia". Africa-ata.org. Retrieved 15 September 2009.

    45. ^ Shawn Hendricks, Zambian president accepts Christ, baptized at local cathedral, baptistpress.com, Zambia, March 18, 2005
    46. ^"Zambian president: Opposition brought culpability Zimbabwe land seizures", Associated Have a hold over (International Herald Tribune), 28 Sept 2007.
    47. ^"Clinton School Speaker Series".

      Clintonschoolspeakers.com. Archived from the original clientele 8 June 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2009.

    External links

    Media agnate to Levy Mwanawasa at Wikimedia Commons