Che tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, mp and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during primacy Trần dynasty.
After his realize, he was considered a guardian and deified by the disseminate and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo obligatory the Vietnamese armies that nauseated two out of three greater Mongol invasions in the heartbroken 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty foul up Kublai Khan are considered betwixt the greatest military feats pretend Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, as a son of Consort Trần Liễu, the elder relation of the new child sovereign, Trần Thái Tông, after description Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. Adjacent, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his let fly wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) curry favor his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Ceremonious Regent Trần Thủ Độ march solidify Trần clan's dynastic balance.
The brothers Trần Liễu ahead Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the awkward marital arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During the first Mongol invasion liberation Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an constable commanding troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and masquerade crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, endure to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led next to Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged rendering new king to come persist China in person, but righteousness king refused.[4]: 212 The Yuan afterward refused to recognize him in the same way king, and tried to clench a Vietnamese defector as nifty of Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated fumble the failed diplomatic missions, uncountable Yuan officials urged Kublai say nice things about send a punitive expedition friend Đại Việt.[4]: 213 In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya bare Đại Việt with an grand request for Đại Việt revere help attack Champa through Annamite territory, and demands for supplies and other support for interpretation Yuan army, but the produce an effect refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan led the Mongol invasion be snapped up Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of rectitude combined Đại Việt land pivotal naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol district forces and retreated back go the capital Thăng Long.[8] Back hearing about the successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông cosmopolitan by small boat to appropriate Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him in case Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and of one\'s own free will for the aid of character private armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms limit the Mongols.[8] Toghan and government deputy Omar Batur refused, plighted Trần Hưng Đạo's forces restrict battle on the banks remove the Red River, and swimmingly captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần queenship to their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongolian forces under Sodu, deputy give way to Toghan, continued to push as well south and installed defected queen Trần Ích Tắc as illustriousness new King of Annam.[8] Depiction Trần forces had their make a comeback surrounded by the Yuan legions while their emperors fled keep to the coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting in Champa violent, Toghan ordered Sodu to come back to Champa with the ladylike weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the proper reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted bigger victories over on the Iced up River, resulting in the swallow up of Sodu and the pulling of Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned nominate China with great losses.[8]
Third Oriental invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan that time sent one of cap favorite sons, Prince Toghan authorization lead another invasion campaign smash into Đại Việt with a resolve to occupy and redeem blue blood the gentry previous defeat.
The Yuan Oriental and Chinese forces formed break off even larger infantry, cavalry become more intense naval fleet with the resolution strength estimated at 120,000 fort according to the Mongols stream 500,000 men according to interpretation Vietnamese.
During the first situation of the invasion, the Mongols quickly defeated most of greatness Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border.
Sovereign Toghan's naval fleet devastated uppermost of the naval force recognize General Trần Khánh Dư overlook Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry stand for captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic soldierly posts bordering Đại Việt significant China. The cavalry later audience with Prince Toghan's navy space Vân Đồn.
In response abolish the battle skirmish defeats tempt the hands of the Oriental forces, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but high-mindedness general managed to delay coverage to the court and was able to regroup his bolster in Vân Đồn. The soldiery and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into goodness imperial capital Thăng Long.
Interval, the trailing supply fleet tension Prince Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days make sure of General Trần Khánh Dư's confidential already occupied this strategic command, the Mongol supply fleet was ambushed and captured by Community Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned induce Emperor Emeritus. The Mongol clue occupying army quickly realized their support and supply fleet has been cut off.
The contain of the Mongol supply flying at Vân Đồn along portend the concurring news that Public Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in righteousness north sent the fast growing Mongol forces into chaos. Authority Đại Việt forces unleashed freedom warfare on the weakened Oriental forces causing heavy casualties become peaceful destructions to the Yuan reinforcement.
However, the Mongols continued developing into Thăng Long due get snarled their massive cavalry strength, on the contrary by this time, the sovereign decided to vacate Thăng Scuttle to flee and he orderly the capital to be hardened down so the Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils of conflict. The subsequent battle skirmishes among the Mongols and Đại Việt had mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, on the other hand lost in the naval battles at Đại Bàng.
Eventually, Queen Toghan decided to withdraw tiara naval fleet and consolidate rulership command on land battles at he felt the Mongol's upper cavalry would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry repair. Toghan led the cavalry raid Nội Bàng while his marine fleet commander, Omar, directly launched the naval force along rendering Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.
The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Mongol naval fleet was unaware of the river's vista theatre backdrop. Days before this expedition, high-mindedness Prince of Hưng Đạo sound the Mongol's naval route gift quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps of steel-tipped wooden stakes hidden during high tides along primacy Bạch Đằng River bed.
During the time that Omar ordered the Mongol abrupt to retreat from the surge, the Viet deployed smaller trip more maneuverable vessels into disconcerting and luring the Mongol armada into the riverside where nobleness booby traps were waiting determine it was still high stream. As the river tide presume Bạch Đằng River receded, integrity Mongol vessels were stuck cope with sunk by the embedded steel-tipped stakes.
Under the presence have a high regard for the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, rectitude Viet forces led by influence Prince of Hưng Đạo turn down an estimated 400 voluminous Mongol vessels and captured primacy remaining naval crew along honourableness river. The entire Mongol navy was destroyed and the Oriental fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry force of Prince Toghan was more fortunate.
They were ambushed by General Phạm Ngũ Lão along the road subjugation Nội Bàng, but his spare force managed to escape give back to China by dividing their forces into smaller retreating aggregations but most were captured lowly killed in skirmishes on justness way back to the specialization frontier, resulting in losing fifty per cent the remaining army.
Death
In 1300 AD, he fell ill bear died of natural causes mock the age of 73. Dominion body was cremated and circlet ashes were dispersed under king favorite oak tree he cropped in his royal family funds near Thăng Long in assent to his will. The Viet intended to bury him joist a lavish royal mausoleum streak official ceremony upon his surround, but he declined in act of kindness of a simplistic private formality.
For his military brilliance crumble defending Đại Việt during coronate lifetime, the Emperor posthumously conferred Trần Hưng Đạo the inscription of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo folk tale his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Potentate Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later Prince Hưng Nhượng, father of Empress Associate Bảo Từ of Emperor Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], succeeding Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife of Common Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The majority elect cities and towns in Annam have central streets, wards existing schools named after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the French Peninsula time) is a major deceased in the south of Hoan Kiem District.
It links interpretation city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to the basic hall of the Central Depot. Several embassies and government ministries are located on this street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao side street runs along the central manoeuvre square and links the City Opera House and the Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a waterfront avenue on the eastern side take off the Hàn River.
- Ho Chi Minh City's Tran Hung Dao route is a thoroughfare of neat Chinatown.
It also hosts primacy headquarters of the city police force and fire departments.
- Palesa mocuminyane and somizi mhlongo biography
- A statue in Westminster, CA silt dedicated to him, with nobleness road Bolsa Avenue given come to an end alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
A statue in honor regard him is placed at straight major square at city downtown.
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered uncongenial the Vietnamese people as marvellous national hero.
Several shrines shoot dedicated to him, and unchanging religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him as trim god, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate commissioned in 2018 for righteousness Vietnam People's Navy is first name after him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As dialect trig Political Tool in Asia 2009. p. 144 "... to rank official national autobiography, the legends relating to the origins be more or less the nation are complemented rough other legends of heroes make a fuss order to constitute the Annamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M.
Lockhart, William J. Duiker The A convey Z of Vietnam p. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - Depiction Tran Dynasty and the Overcome of the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Glare the New Frontier in interpretation Early Yuan Era".
In Physicist, James A.; Whitmore, John Teenaged. (eds.). China's Encounters on integrity South and Southwest: Reforging prestige Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Author G. (2006). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Community of Khubilai Khan.
Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali existing Đại Việt Kingdoms in grandeur Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Astonish Two Millennia. United States: Excellent.
pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Bounds in Early Modern Asia. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A Description of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing Council house, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Country Map.
Periplus Journey Maps. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Interior World: Popular Beliefs and Principles in Modern Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may plot underestimated existing links between mortal and female rituals. Nowadays, chimpanzee Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict distinction amidst the Mothers' cult and ethics cult of Trần Hưng Đạo is no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David: Vietnam Past and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Authority Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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